Table 5.
Cox proportional hazards for diabetic retinopathy risk factors among patients with type 2 DM in Poland
| Variables | Type 2 DM patients HR, 95% CI, p value | Number of observations in the group | DR cases; % of the group | DR cases per 10,000 person-years | Number of DR cases between n–n + 1 year since the inclusion into the study; % of all DR cases | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1 | 1–2 | 2–3 | 3–4 | 4–5 | 5–6 | 6–7 | 7–8 | |||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 0–18 | 0.29 (0.24–0.36) p < 0.001 | 4291 | 79; 1.84% | 48.4 | 11; 13.92% | 6; 7.59% | 10; 12.66% | 15; 18.99% | 13; 16.46% | 9; 11.39% | 11; 13.92% | 4; 5.06% |
| 19–39 | 0.46 (0.44–0.47) p < 0.001 | 110,437 | 2953; 2.67% | 71.7 | 562; 19.03% | 300; 10.16% | 275; 9.31% | 459; 15.54% | 450; 15.24% | 396; 13.41% | 297; 10.06% | 214; 7.25% |
| 40–49 | 0.83 (0.82–0.85) p < 0.001 | 193,467 | 11,531; 5.96% | 131.3 | 1710; 14.83% | 953; 8.26% | 1037; 8.99% | 2122; 18.4% | 1850; 16.04% | 1743; 15.12% | 1225; 10.62% | 891; 7.73% |
| 50–59 (ref) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 630,436 | 49,315; 7.82% | 153.5 | 5079; 10.3% | 3155; 6.4% | 4225; 8.57% | 9838; 19.95% | 8815; 17.87% | 7761; 15.74% | 6033; 12.23% | 4409; 8.94% |
| 60–69 | 1.12 (1.11–1.13) p < 0.001 | 898,251 | 74,894; 8.34% | 172.6 | 8214; 10.97% | 5153; 6.88% | 6501; 8.68% | 15,654; 20.9% | 13,012; 17.37% | 11,620; 15.52% | 8589; 11.47% | 6151; 8.21% |
| 70 + | 0.83 (0.82–0.84) p < 0.001 | 916,173 | 52,084; 5.68% | 119.8 | 4739; 9.1% | 3355; 6.44% | 4443; 8.53% | 12,220; 23.46% | 9838; 18.89% | 7822; 15.02% | 5901; 11.33% | 3766; 7.23% |
| Sex: Men versus women | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) p < 0.001 | 1,236,217 | 105,959; 8.57% | 143.6 versus 145.7 | 9826; 9.27% | 5922; 5.59% | 7464; 7.04% | 17,482; 16.5% | 14,836; 14% | 12,859; 12.14% | 9745; 9.2% | 6763; 6.38% |
| Urban residence | 1.28 (1.27–1.29) p < 0.001 | 1,815,422 | 136,299; 7.51% | 154.9 versus 123.7 | 14,047; 10.31% | 9141; 6.71% | 11,787; 8.65% | 29,182; 21.41% | 24,365; 17.88% | 20,960; 15.38% | 15,951; 11.7% | 10,866; 7.97% |
| DM treatment only in GPs | 1.18 (1.17–1.19) p < 0.001 | 986,345 | 50,369; 5.11% | 150.2 versus 130.4 | 8028; 15.94% | 4281; 8.5% | 4681; 9.29% | 11,563; 22.96% | 8661; 17.2% | 6617; 13.14% | 4263; 8.46% | 2275; 4.52% |
| Systemic hypertension | 1.29 (1.27–1.31) p < 0.001 | 2,382,903 | 174,414; 7.32% | 148.1 versus 114.6 | 17,180; 9.85% | 11,445; 6.56% | 14,959; 8.58% | 37,390; 21.44% | 31,483; 18.05% | 27,228; 15.61% | 20,463; 11.73% | 14,266; 8.18% |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1.42 (1.39–1.44) p < 0.001 | 104,013 | 10,225; 9.83% | 202.2 versus 142.2 | 1080; 10.56% | 761; 7.44% | 903; 8.83% | 2130; 20.83% | 1823; 17.83% | 1546; 15.12% | 1184; 11.58% | 798; 7.8% |