Figure 1.

Ecosystems’ optimum temperature ²⁴ and a minimum (critical) level of soil moisture ²⁶ for which productivity is maximized (T_opt and SM_crit, respectively). As soon as T_opt is exceeded, heat advection is expected to have adverse effects on productivity (heat‐stressed types, I and II), whereas higher heat advection is favorable below T_opt (energy‐limited types, III and IV). Similarly, if soils are below SM_crit, productivity is reduced (water‐limited types, I and III). Note that this schematic is a simplification: it does not account for adverse effects of waterlogging on productivity; ⁹⁰ it illustrates the temperature optimality function as symmetric, and it depicts the soil moisture function as piecewise linear.