Table 1.
Participant demographics at baseline
| N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Main disease, n (%) | Cerebrovascular disease | 103 (88.8) |
| Head injury | 7 (6.0) | |
| Oropharyngeal cancer | 6 (5.2) | |
| Main caregiver, n (%) | Husband/wife | 69 (59.5) |
| Son/daughter | 47 (40.5) | |
| Type of enteral nutrition | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) | 101 (87.1) |
| Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | 7 (6.0) | |
| Nasogastric tube | 8 (6.9) | |
| Level of consciousness, n (%) | 0 (Lucid) | 39 (33.6) |
| I | 52 (44.8) | |
| II | 25 (21.6) | |
| III | 0 (0) | |
| Duration of enteral nutrition, n (%) | ≥6 mo | 52 (44.8) |
| <6 mo | 64 (55.2) | |
| Body mass index, n (%) | ≥18.5 | 41 (35.3) |
| <18.5 | 75 (64.7) | |
| History of pneumonia, n (%) | No | 36 (31.0) |
| Yes | 80 (69.0) | |
| Ability to walk | Able to walk | 16 (13.8) |
| Able to sit | 33 (28.4) | |
| Unable to walk and sit | 67 (57.8) | |
| Swallowing function | Mild | 54 (46.6) |
| Moderate | 15 (12.9) | |
| Severe | 47 (40.5) |