Table 3.
Headache and Psychiatric Comorbidity Characteristics at Baseline by EM and CM
| Characteristic | EM (n = 15,312) | CM (n = 1476) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cutaneous allodynia, ASC‐12 ≥3,† n (%) | 5123 (43.8) | 697 (62.7) | <.001 |
| MSSS, mean (SD) | 22.2 (3.2) | 23.8 (3.0) | <.01 |
| MIDAS score grade III/IV, n (%) | 5352 (35.0) | 1187 (80.4) | <.001 |
| Monthly headache‐day frequency | |||
| Days/month, mean (SD) | 3.5 (3.2) | 21.0 (4.9) | <.001 |
| Category, n (%) | |||
| 0‐4 days/month | 11,159 (72.9) | 0 | <.001 |
| 5‐9 days/month | 2904 (19.0) | 0 | |
| 10‐14 days/month | 1249 (8.2) | 0 | |
| ≥15 days/month | 0 | 1476 (100) | |
| Depression‡ | 4589 (30.0) | 836 (56.6) | <.001 |
| Anxiety§ | 4307 (28.1) | 715 (48.4) | <.001 |
| Psychiatric subgroups | <.001 | ||
| Depression only | 1397 (9.1) | 216 (14.6) | |
| Anxiety only | 1115 (7.3) | 95 (6.4) | |
| Depression and anxiety | 3192 (20.8) | 620 (42.0) | |
| Neither depression nor anxiety | 9608 (62.7) | 545 (36.9) |
†
Results were not available for all respondents; percentages are reported as the percentage of respondents for each data point.
‡
Depression was defined as 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10.
§
Anxiety was defined as 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale score ≥10.
ASC‐12 = 12‐item Allodynia Symptom Checklist; CM = chronic migraine; EM = episodic migraine; MIDAS = Migraine Disability Assessment Scale; MSSS = Migraine Symptom Severity Score.