. 2020 Jun 18;42(9):2696–2721. doi: 10.1002/hed.26327

TABLE 3.

Overview of patient, tumor, treatment, and other characteristics as prognostic factors for decrease in maximal mouth opening (objective) and patients' perception of difficulties opening the mouth (subjective)

Patient characteristics	Time points of analysis	Age			Sex		Dental status		−509 genotype
Objective measures
Scott et al (2011) ¹⁴		<55	55‐64	65+	Male	Female	Dentate	Edentulous
	AT‐BT	−11 [−21;−2]	−4 [−13;−1]	−3 [−12;1]	−8 [−16;−2]a	−2 [−11;1]a	−6 [−14;−2]	−9 [−22;0]
	6M‐BT	−6 [−11;1]	−4 [−10;3]	−5 [−]	−5 [−11;2]	−1 [−10;3]	−4 [−10;3]	−10 [−23;0]
Lyons et al (2013) ⁵⁶									CC −509 genotype	CT −509 genotype	TT –509 genotype
Lyons et al (2013) ⁵⁶	AT‐BT								−8.5 [−4.5;−13.0] ^b	−17.0 [−8.0;−26.0] ^b	−26.5 [−33.0;−15.0] ^b
Wetzels et al (2014) ¹⁶	AT‐BT				−14.3 (−) ^c	−14.9 (−) ^c	−13.8 (−) ^c	−14.5 (−) ^c
	6M‐BT				−9.0 (−) ^c	−9.2 (−) ^c	−8.1 (−) ^c	−9.3 (−) ^c
	12M‐BT				−8.7 (−) ^c	−8.5 (−) ^c	−8.1 (−) ^c	−8.5 (−) ^c
Lalla et al (2017) ⁶²	6M‐BT				−3.3 (−) ^c	−3.0 (−) ^c
Tumor characteristics		Localization					Stage
Objective measures
Scott et al (2011) ¹⁴		Oral	Oropharynx				T‐stage 1,2	T‐stage 3,4	N‐stage 0	N‐stage +
	AT‐BT	−7 [−14;−2]	−5 [−16;−1]				−5 [−14;−1]	−9 [−18;−1]	−5 [−14;−1]	−8 [−16;−1]
	6M‐BT	−4 [−10;2]	−9 [−]				−3 [−10;3]	−9 [−16;1]	−3 [−10;3]	−8 [−13;1]
Bragante et al (2012) ⁵⁴		Mouth	Oropharynx	Hypopharynx	Larynx	Drainage area	Stage I	Stage II	Stage III	Stage IVA	Stage IVB
Bragante et al (2012) ⁵⁴	AT‐BT	−11.0 (1.7) ^b	−11.5 (7.8) ^b	−2.0 (0.0) ^b	−5.3 (6.3) ^b	−2.8 (4.5) ^b	−8.0 (−)	−0.8 (1.5)	−7.8 (5.9)	−4.5 (5.9)	−6.3 (6.9)
Lazarus et al (2014) ⁵⁷			Oropharynx	Others			AJCC 1–3	AJCC 4
	3M‐BT		−4.1 (−) ^c	−5.0 (−) ^c			−3.5 (−) ^c	−4.8 (−) ^c
	6M‐BT		−3.8 (−) ^c	−6.2 (−) ^c			−4.1 (−) ^c	−5.0 (−) ^c
Wetzels et al (2014) ¹⁶		Maxilla	Mandible	TFM (tongue/floor of mouth)			T‐stage 1	T‐stage 2	T‐stage 3	T‐stage 4
	AT‐BT	−19.1 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−15.5 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−10.7 (−) ^a ^, ^c			−12.0 (−) ^c	−16.7 (−) ^c	−17.3 (−) ^c	−15.0 (−) ^c
	6M‐BT	−15.1 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−9.6 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−5.0 (−) ^a ^, ^c			−5.7 (−) ^c	−10.4 (−) ^c	−14.5 (−) ^c	−13.8 (−) ^c
	12M‐BT	−11.8 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−8.1 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−7.5 (−) ^a ^, ^c			−7.1 (−) ^c	−9.4 (−) ^c	−10.8 (−) ^c	−12.0 (−) ^c
Bragante et al (2015) ⁵³		Oral cavity oropharynx ^r		Nasopharynx Hypopharynx Larynx ^r
Bragante et al (2015) ⁵³	AT‐BT	−5.64 (6.42) ^a		−1.68 (6.27) ^a
Subjective measures
Borggreven et al (2007) ⁶⁵		Oral cavity	Oropharynx				T‐stage 2	T‐stage 3,4
	6M‐BT	10.6 (−)	24.2 (−)				23.5 (−)	14.3 (−)
	12M‐6M	5.6 (−)	−11.5 (−)				−11.1 (−)	3.3 (−)
Treatment characteristics		Treatment modality			Reconstruction				Radiation dose
Objective measures
Scott et al (2011) ¹⁴		No RT	RT	CRT	No free‐flap	Soft‐free flap	Composite free flap
	AT‐BT	−8 [−14;−2]	−5 [−13;1]	−9 [−]	−2 [−9;−1]	−6 [−16;−2]	−11 [−12;0]
	6M‐BT	−1 [−9;4] ^a	−7 [−15;0] ^a	−7 [−] ^a	−1 [−10;4]	−5 [−11;1]	−4 [−]
Bragante et al (2012) ⁵⁴			RT	CRT					Total dose
Bragante et al (2012) ⁵⁴	AT‐BT		−5.5 (6.0)	−4.4 (5.5)					R = −0.164 ^a
Mucke et al (2012) ⁵⁵		S only	S + RT	S+ RT + ORN
Mucke et al (2012) ⁵⁵	AT‐BT	−22.5% ^b	−49.2% ^b	−49.0% ^b
Safdar et al (2014) ⁵⁸					Platysma flap	Submental flap
Safdar et al (2014) ⁵⁸	6M‐BT				−3.7 (−1.8) ^a ^, ^d	−4.7 (−1.6) ^a ^, ^d
Wetzels et al (2014) ¹⁶		S only	S + RT	RT	No surgery	Local flap	Myocutaneous or free flap	Bone graft/flap
	AT‐BT	−13.4 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−18.2 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−7.1 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−11.1 (−) ^c	−22.9 (−) ^c	−17.9 (−) ^c	−17.4 (−) ^c
	6M‐BT	−4.5 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−15.0 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−8.2 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−5.5 (−) ^c	−20.9 (−) ^c	−12.9 (−) ^c	−12.7 (−) ^c
	12M‐BT	−4.6 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−13.9 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−8.0 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−5.9 (−) ^c	−14.6 (−) ^c	−11.9 (−) ^c	−9.8 (−) ^c
Al‐Saleh et al (2017) ⁴³		Mandibu‐lotomy surgery	Transoral surgery
Al‐Saleh et al (2017) ⁴³	1.5‐2AT‐BT	11.7 (−) ^a ^, ^c	5.4 (−) ^a ^, ^c
Subjective measures
Vergeer et al (2009) ³⁵			3D‐RT	IMRT
	6W‐BT		8.8 (−) ^b ^, ^c	−7. (−) ^b ^, ^c
	6M‐BT		11.9 (−) ^b ^, ^c	1.3 (−) ^b ^, ^c
Kumar et al (2013) ⁷⁴			RT	CRT
	1M‐BT		−3.7 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−12.3 (−) ^a ^, ^c
	6M‐BT		0.0 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−17.06 (−) ^a ^, ^c
Rathod et al (2013) ⁷¹			3D‐RT	IMRT
	3M‐BT		6 (−) ^b ^, ^c	−4 (−) ^b ^, ^c
	6M‐BT		16 (−) ^b ^, ^c	−3 (−) ^b ^, ^c
	12M‐BT		−2 (−) ^b ^, ^c	−2 (−) ^b ^, ^c
	18M‐BT		2 (−) ^b ^, ^c	−4 (−) ^b ^, ^c
	24M‐BT		8 (−) ^b ^, ^c	−9 (−) ^b ^, ^c
Zhao et al (2014) ⁷²			CRT+ ERF	CRT
	6M‐AT		−3.5 (−) ^a ^, ^c	17.1 (−) ^a ^, ^c
	12M‐AT		−2.6 (−) ^a ^, ^c	18.2 (−) ^a ^, ^c
	18M‐AT		−6.6 (−) ^a ^, ^c	20.4 (−) ^a ^, ^c
	24M‐AT		−6.4 (−) ^a ^, ^c	19.0 (−) ^a ^, ^c
Other characteristics		Smoking		Alcohol (>1 daily)		Mucositis		SES
Objective measures
Wetzels et al (2014) ¹⁶		Yes	No	Yes	No
	AT‐BT	−12.9 (−) ^c	−15.4 (−) ^c	−14.8 (−) ^c	−14.3 (−) ^c
	6M‐BT	−8.9 (−) ^c	−9.1 (−) ^c	−9.1 (−) ^c	−9.0 (−) ^c
	12M‐BT	−8.9 (−) ^c	−8.2 (−) ^c	−10.5 (−) ^c	−7.6 (−) ^c
Bragante et al (2015) ⁵³						Yes	No
Bragante et al (2015) ⁵³	AT‐BT					−5.9 (6.6) ^a	−0.6 (5.3) ^a
Subjective measures
Tribius et al (2018) ⁴⁶								Low	Middle	High
Tribius et al (2018) ⁴⁶	24M‐AT							−12.3 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−30.5 (−) ^a ^, ^c	−30.6 (−) ^a ^, ^c

Note: Number of decimals are reported as the authors have reported it. In case two or more decimals are given, one decimal is reported. For the objective measures, a decrease (a negative value), means a worse restricted mouth opening. For the subjective measures, an increase (a positive value), means a worse restricted mouth opening.

Abbreviations: 3D‐RT, three‐dimensional radiotherapy; (n)W, number of weeks after oncological treatment; (n)M, number of months after oncological treatment; AJCC, stage according to American Joint Committee on Cancer; AT, after oncological treatment; BT, before oncological treatment; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; IMRT, intensity modulated radiotherapy; ERF, extracorporeal radiofrequency; RT, radiotherapy; SES, socioeconomic status.

^{^a}

Significant (p<0.05).

^{^b}

Significant in some analyses (p<0.05).

^{^c}

Difference between mean scores calculated.

^{^d}

Conversion centimeters to millimeters.

Value represents median [interquartile range].

Value represents mean score (SD).