Fig. 4.

Reciprocity and changes in time and space in cholino‐ncRNAs regulation. (A) miR‐132 as an example of cholino‐ncRNA that changes between tissues and sexes, during daytime and along age. Upper bar: miR‐132 levels in the murine suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and somatosensory cortex (orange line) and in the hippocampus (green line). Thick and thin lines indicate high and low miR‐132 levels, respectively. Lower bar: plasma miR‐132 levels in men and women along age [67, 68, 69, 70, 71]. (B) ACh activation of α7 receptors in macrophages may reciprocally change the cholinergic tone in an auto‐ or paracrine manner. Red arrows with flat heads: suppression. Scattered flat head arrows: Impaired suppression. ACh‐mediated activation of α7 receptors (via interaction with Jak2) induces STAT3 nuclear penetration (dotted arrow) and miR‐124 elevation. In the nucleus, STAT3 induces SOCS3, NEAT1, and ChAT elevation. Cytoplasmic ChAT elevates ACh secretion, and NEAT1 sponges miR‐211 and miR‐495‐3p, among others, reducing their blockade of the α7 NAChR and SOCS3 (respectively), whereas SOCS3 and miR‐124 suppress STAT3 [13, 19, 41, 52, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72].