Table 3.
Outcomes
| Study | Mortality | Morbidity | Other outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall rate | Median lactate level with/without event (mmol/L) | Lactate cut‐off (mmol/L)/AUC for prediction of event | Regression/ROC analysis | Overall rate | Median lactate level with/without event (mmol/L) | Lactate cut‐off (mmol/L)/AUC for prediction of event | Regression/ROC analysis | Length of stay: median (range) | Lactate association with: peak bilirubin/prothrombin time | |
| Watanabe et al (2007) | 6.6% | 10.1/4.1 (P < .001) | AUC 0.86 (P = .008) | Multivariable: Lactate P = .008 | 45% | 5.5/3.6 (P < .001) | — | Multivariable: Lactate P = .013 |
30 (range n.a.) ICU‐stay: r = .52 |
Bilirubin r = .61 (P < .001) |
| Wiggans et al (2013) | 4.7% | — | — | Univariable: 0.373 ± 0.079 (coeff. ± SD; P < .001) | 7% a | — |
<2.0: 2.2% a >6.0: 27.5% a |
Univariable: renal dysfunction 0.324 ± 0.072 (coeff. ± SD; P < .001) |
7 (2‐78) Univariable: 0.046 ± 0.006 (coeff. ± SD; P < .001) |
Bilirubin: Univariable: 0.146 ± 0.017 (coeff. ± SD; P < .001) Prothrombin time: Univariable: 0.055 ± 0.002 (coeff. ± SD; P < .001) |
| Meguro et al (2014) | ||||||||||
| Chronic hepatitis/Liver cirrhosis group | — | — | — | — | 25% b | — |
3.2 Sens.: 90.9% Spec.: 66.7% |
AUC 0.831 (P < .001) | — |
Bilirubin: R = .415 (P = .005) Prothrombin time: R = −.356 (P = .018) |
| Normal liver group | — | — | — | — | 18.2% b | — |
4.8 Sens.: 66.7% Spec.: 88.9% |
AUC 0.759 (P = .040) | — |
Bilirubin: R = .530 (P = .002) Prothrombin time: R = −.358 (P = .041) |
| Riediger et al (2014) | 3.7% | Pre‐operative: 4.1/1.6 (P = .003) |
Cut‐off: 4.5 >4.5: 23.5% Mort. ≤4.5: 3% Mort. (P = .005) |
Multivariable: OR 1.47 (95%CI 1.15‐1.90) (P = .004) |
32.7% | Pre‐operative: 2.3/1.4 (P < .001) |
1.2 >1.2: 47.2% Morb. ≤1.2: 6.8% Morb. P = .001 |
— | — | — |
| Pagano et al (2015) | 6.7% | 8.5/4.5 (P = .026) | — | — | 48.9% (CD III‐IV) | 5.5/3.7 (P = .05) | — |
Multivariable: OR 5.1 (95% CI: 1.1‐22) (P = .028) |
11 (5‐107) | — |
| Vibert et al (2015) | 4.1% | — |
Cut‐off: 3.0 AUC 0.87 (training cohort) |
Multivariable: OR 2.34 (95%CI 1.21‐5.39; P = .006) | 25.1% (CD III‐IV) | — |
2.8 AUC 0.76 |
Multivariable OR 1.96 (95%CI 1.1‐3.86; P = .04) |
— | |
| Lemke et al (2017) | 6.3% | — | 3.72 |
Univariable: OR 1.56 (95%CI 1.34‐1.82; P = n.a.) Multivariable: OR 1.52 (95%CI 1.28‐1.81; P < .001) |
13.5% (CD III‐IV) | — | 3.96 |
Univariable: OR 1.29 (95%CI 1.17‐1.42; P = n.a.) Multivariable: OR 1.19 (95%CI 1.06‐1.33; P < .01) |
7 (6‐12) Univariable OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.05‐1.11) Multivariable: OR 1.03 (95%CI 1.00‐1.06) |
— |
Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CD, Clavien‐Dindo; CI, confidence interval; coeff. coefficient; Morb., morbidity; Mort., mortality; n.a. not available; OR, odds ratio; ROC, receiver operating characteristics; SD, standard deviation; Sens., sensitivity; Spec., specificity.
Renal dysfunction only;
Infectious complications only.