TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes without history of cardiovascular or renal disease in six countries
| All CVRD‐free | England | Germany | Japan | Netherlands | Norway | Sweden | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index year | n/a | 2010 | 2014 | 2016 | 2012 | 2010 | 2007 |
| Number of patients | 772 336 | 66 412 | 136 635 | 299 965 | 36 903 | 94 683 | 137 738 |
| Age, years (SD) | 65.2 (12.6) | 59.8 (13.12) | 66.2 (11.9) | 67.5 (12.3) | 67.1 (12.1) | 61.2 (14.6) | 63.9 (12.5) |
| Females, n (%) | 345 928 (44.8) | 30 950 (46.6) | 61 203 (44.8) | 124 306 (41.4) | 18 340 (49.7) | 46 623 (49.2) | 64 506 (46.8) |
| Follow‐up time, years | 3 502 197 | 511 372 | 514 213 | 768 430 | 169 754 | 477 442 | 1 060 986 |
| CVD prevention, n (%) | 558 306 (72.3) | 56 133 (84.5) | 111 496 (81.6) | 182 275 (60.8) | 33 003 (89.4) | 69 007 (72.9) | 106 392 (77.2) |
| Low‐dose aspirin, n (%) | 141 815 (18.4) | 23 514 (35.4) | 7778 (5.7) | 32 169 (10.7) | 7595 (20.6) | 30 050 (31.7) | 40 709 (29.6) |
| Statins, n (%) | 322 219 (41.7) | 47 176 (71.0) | 44 447 (32.5) | 101 924 (34.0) | 247 60 (67.1) | 451 23 (47.7) | 58 789 (42.7) |
| Anti‐hypertensives, n (%) | 449 539 (58.2) | 39 192 (59.0) | 94 501 (69.2) | 149 173 (49.7) | 24 107 (65.3) | 56 539 (59.7) | 86 027 (62.5) |
| ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 173 160 (22.4) | 27 196 (41.0) | 59 644 (43.7) | 14 736 (4.9) | 12 383 (33.6) | 17 377 (18.4) | 41 824 (30.4) |
| ARBs, n (%) | 219 303 (28.4) | 9167 (13.8) | 33 264 (24.3) | 104 459 (34.8) | 10 679 (28.9) | 32 220 (34.0) | 29 514 (21.4) |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 165 474 (21.4) | 8161 (12.3) | 54 315 (39.8) | 27 536 (9.2) | 13 231 (35.9) | 23 284 (24.6) | 38 947 (28.3) |
| High ceiling diuretics, n (%) | 73 498 (9.5) | 3514 (5.3) | 14 587 (10.7) | 25 020 (8.3) | 3854 (10.4) | 9002 (9.5) | 17 521 (12.7) |
| Aldosterone antagonists, n (%) | 13 639 (1.8) | 418 (0.6) | 1997 (1.5) | 4128 (1.4) | 1109 (3.0) | 1375 (1.5) | 4612 (3.3) |
| Metformin, n (%) | 444 534 (57.6) | 54 180 (81.6) | 98 046 (71.8) | 88 841 (29.6) | 29 000 (78.6) | 70 813 (74.8) | 103 654 (75.3) |
| Sulphonylureas, n (%) | 218 948 (28.3) | 23 530 (35.4) | 24 648 (18.0) | 75 970 (25.3) | 13 950 (37.8) | 33 535 (35.4) | 47 315 (34.4) |
| DPP‐4 inhibitors, n (%) | 189 488 (24.5) | 2229 (3.4) | 29 130 (21.3) | 154 933 (51.7) | 1917 (5.2) | 1279 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| SGLT2 inhibitors, n (%) | 9908 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1122 (0.8) | 8786 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| GLP‐1RAs, n (%) | 10 859 (1.4) | 977 (1.5) | 3037 (2.2) | 6000 (2.0) | 485 (1.3) | 360 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Meglitinides, n (%) | 30 574 (4.0) | 467 (0.7) | 3353 (2.5) | 17 808 (5.9) | 39 (0.1) | 249 (0.3) | 8658 (6.3) |
| Thiazolidinediones, n (%) | 48 183 (6.2) | 9102 (13.7) | 215 (0.2) | 25 566 (8.5) | 1032 (2.8) | 4074 (4.3) | 8194 (5.9) |
| Acarbose, n (%) | 58 521 (7.6) | 202 (0.3) | 1288 (0.9) | 54 354 (18.1) | 45 (0.1) | 642 (0.7) | 1990 (1.4) |
| Insulin, n (%) | 183 429 (23.7) | 8399 (12.6) | 29 648 (21.7) | 80 267 (26.8) | 10 220 (27.7) | 14 986 (15.8) | 39 909 (29.0) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVRD, cardiovascular or renal disease; DPP‐4, dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4; GLP‐1RA, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist; SGLT2, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2.