TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by quartiles of daily steps
| Quartiles of daily steps (range) | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (≤5922) | Quartile 2 (5922‐7743) | Quartile 3 (7744‐9842) | Quartile 4 (≥9843) | ||
| No. of participants | 545 | 546 | 546 | 546 | 2183 |
| Daily steps; median (IQR), mean (SD) | 4651 (3495, 5325) | 6862 (6388, 7350) | 8670 (8215, 9186) | 11 467 (10 556, 13 110) | 8002 (3113) |
| Wear days; mean (SD) | 6.8 (1.0)* | 7.0 (0.9) | 6.8 (0.7) | 6.9 (0.8) | 6.9 (0.8) |
| Wear minutes/day; mean (SD) | 840 (70)** | 878 (56) | 891 (54) | 900 (54) | 877 (63) |
| Age (years); mean (SD) | 62.5 (12.3)*** | 55.7 (10.4) | 54.8 (9.8) | 54.9 (8.9) | 57.0 (10.9) |
| Sex | |||||
| Women | 283 (52) | 268 (49) | 296 (54) | 310 (57) | 1157 (53) |
| Men | 262 (48) | 278 (51) | 250 (46) | 236 (43) | 1026 (47) |
| BMI; mean (SD) | 26.7 (4.7) † | 26.3 (3.5) | 25.3 (3.5) | 24.5 (3.3) | 25.7 (3.9) |
| BMI category a ; n (%) a | |||||
| Underweight | 5 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 11 (2) | 17 (0.8) |
| Normal weight | 208 (38) | 216 (40) | 289 (53) | 318 (58) | 1031 (47) |
| Overweight | 225 (41) | 251 (46) | 211 (39) | 181 (33) | 868 (40) |
| Obese | 107 (20) | 78 (14) | 46 (8) | 36 (7) | 267 (12) |
| Level of education b ; n (%) b | |||||
| Low | 151 (28) | 86 (16) | 78 (14) | 69 (13) | 384 (18) |
| Middle | 207 (38) | 216 (40) | 195 (36) | 219 (40) | 837 (38) |
| High | 187 (34) | 244 (45) | 273 (50) | 258 (47) | 962 (44) |
| Smoking status; n (%) b | |||||
| Current | 135 (25) | 99 (18) | 79 (14) | 81 (15) | 394 (18) |
| Former | 203 (37) | 227 (42) | 201 (37) | 179 (33) | 810 (37) |
| Never | 207 (38) | 220 (40) | 266 (49) | 286 (52) | 979 (45) |
| Alcohol consumption; n (%) b | |||||
| Never | 70 (13) | 36 (7) | 35 (6) | 43 (8) | 184 (8) |
| Monthly or rarer | 158 (29) | 122 (22) | 108 (20) | 106 (19) | 494 (23) |
| 2‐4 times per month | 181 (33) | 224 (41) | 212 (39) | 211 (39) | 828 (38) |
| 2‐3 times per week | 106 (19) | 128 (23) | 163 (30) | 145 (27) | 542 (25) |
| 4 times per week or more | 30 (6) | 36 (7) | 28 (5) | 41 (7) | 135 (6) |
| Self‐reported illnesses; n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes type 1 ††† | 11 (2) | 4 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 20 (0.9) |
| Diabetes type 2 †† | 49 (9) | 16 (3) | 10 (2) | 14 (3) | 89 (4) |
| Cancer ††† | 25 (5) | 11 (2) | 14 (3) | 7 (1) | 57 (3) |
| CVD c , †† | 113 (21) | 56 (10) | 39 (7) | 41 (8) | 249 (11) |
a
According to WHO classification. 15
b
Low: primary school, lower secondary school, vocational high school; middle: secondary school/high school; high: undergraduate or graduate degree.
c
Congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina/angina pectoris, heart attack, or stroke.
*
P < .01 compared to Q2.
**
P < .01 between all step quartiles.
***
P < .001 compared to Q2‐4.
†
P < .001 compared to Q3‐4.
††
P < .001 (Pearson chi‐square).
†††
P < .05 (Pearson chi‐square).