TABLE 1.
NU and CTOT‐14 phenotypes—patient characteristics
|
NU AR (n = 46) |
NU ADNR (n = 38) |
NU TX (n = 45) |
P value a |
CTOT‐14 AR (n = 14) |
CTOT‐14 ADNR (n = 28) |
CTOT‐14 TX (n = 50) |
P value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at transplant (y) | 46 ± 17.4 | 51.6 ± 13.0 | 54.9 ± 13.0 | .016 | 57 ± 12.9 | 52 ± 13.7 | 54 ± 11.4 | .489 |
| Caucasian race (%) | 30 (65%) | 28 (74%) | 36 (80%) | .276 | 12 (92%) | 17 (85%) | 38 (84%) | .769 |
| Male sex (%) | 18 (39%) | 20 (53%) | 14 (31%) | .143 | 8 (62%) | 12 (60%) | 27 (60%) | .995 |
| Primary liver diagnosis (%) | ||||||||
| Hepatitis C (nonviremic) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (4%) | .248 | 4 (31%) | 2 (10%) | 0 | .065 |
| Alcohol | 6 (13%) | 7 (18%) | 12 (27%) | 2 (15%) | 4 (20%) | 12 (27%) | ||
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver or cryptogenic | 7 (15%) | 6 (16%) | 17 (38%) | 3 (23%) | 8 (40%) | 18 (40%) | ||
| Immune‐mediated (PSC, AIH, PBC) | 16 (35%) | 16 (42%) | 7 (16%) | 1 (8%) | 2 (10%) | 7 (16%) | ||
| Other | 16 (35%) | 8 (21%) | 7 (16%) | 3 (23%) | 4 (20%) | 8 (18%) | ||
| Months from LT b | 27.6 ± 34.8 | 60 ± 57.6 | 37 ± 37.2 | .003 | 8 ± 7.1 | 6 ± 5.4 | 7 ± 2.0 | .279 |
| Immunosuppression b | ||||||||
| CNI therapy | 42 (91%) | 31 (82%) | 41 (91%) | .357 | 12 (86%) | 22 (79%) | 50 (100%) | .004 |
| MMF or MPA | 28 (61%) | 17 (45%) | 26 (56%) | .322 | 9 (64%) | 10 (36%) | 36 (72%) | .007 |
| Other (SRL, EVL, AZA) | 6 (13%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | .292 | 3 (21%) | 3 (11%) | 2 (4%) | .114 |
| Prednisone | 22 (48%) | 17 (45%) | 20 (46%) | .95 | 7 (50%) | 18 (64%) | 37 (74%) | .222 |
| Laboratory values b | ||||||||
| ALT (U/L) | 322.2 ± 260.5 | 96.3 ± 74.9 | 21.4 ± 11.3 | <.001 | 219.9 ± 265.14 | 212.5 ± 251.80 | 21.6 ± 8.96 | <.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 332.3 ± 321.2 | 296.3 ± 241.9 | 79.3 ± 30.9 | <.001 | 269.3 ± 239.33 | 281.6 ± 233.40 | 96.6 ± 37.35 | <.001 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 4.9 ± 8.9 | 5.2 ± 18.5 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | <.001 | 4.1 ± 8.28 | 3.5 ± 4.49 | 0.6 ± 0.31 | .001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | .529 | 1.3 ± 0.44 | 1.5 ± 0.87 | 1.2 ± 0.31 | .056 |
| Rejection characteristics b | ||||||||
| Mild (RAI 3‐4) | 19 (41%) | — | — | — | 7 (50%) | — | — | — |
| Moderate ‐Severe (RAI 5‐9) | 27 (59%) | — | — | — | 7 (50%) | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: ADNR, acute dysfunction no rejection; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AR, acute rejection; AZA, azathioprine; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; CTOT, Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation; EVL, everolimus; LT, liver transplant; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; NU, Northwestern University; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; RAI, Rejection Activity Index; SRL, sirolimus; TX, Transplant eXcellent.
P value reported using the overall F‐test from analysis of variance for continuous variables and the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test of general association for categorical variables.
Reported characteristic corresponds to the time of diagnostic sample. For TX subjects in CTOT‐14, immunosuppression data reported using the month 3 time point.