Table 3.
Test characteristics for previously defined cut points for depression and anxiety screening measuresa
| Instrument | Cut point ≥ | Affected, no. (%) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | Accuracy (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | |||||||
| PHQ‐2 | 3 | 36 (24.2)b | 0.88 (0.63, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.90) | 0.42 (0.25, 0.59) | 0.98 (0.94, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) |
| PHQ‐9 | 10 | 43 (29.7)c | 0.87 (0.62, 0.98) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.84) | 0.32 (0.19, 0.48) | 0.98 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.85) |
| HADS‐D | 8 | 33 (22.0) | 0.59 (0.33, 0.82) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.89) | 0.30 (0.16, 0.49) | 0.94 (0.88, 0.98) | 0.80 (0.73, 0.86) |
| HADS‐D | 11 | 14 (9.3) | 0.35 (0.14, 0.62) | 0.94 (0.88, 0.97) | 0.43 (0.18, 0.71) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.96) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.92) |
| PROMIS depression | T score 60 | 36 (24.0) | 0.76 (0.50, 0.93) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.89) | 0.36 (0.20, 0.54) | 0.96 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.88) |
| Kessler‐6 d | 19 | 133 (88.9) | 0.35 (0.14, 0.62) | 0.96 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.55 (0.23, 0.83) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.94) |
| Anxiety | |||||||
| GAD‐2 | 3 | 31 (20.7)b | 0.73 (0.39, 0.94) | 0.83 (0.76, 0.89) | 0.26 (0.12, 0.45) | 0.97 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.88) |
| GAD‐7 | 10 | 27 (18.1)b | 0.64 (0.31, 0.89) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.91) | 0.26 (0.11, 0.46) | 0.97 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.89) |
| OASIS | 8 | 34 (22.7) | 0.82 (0.48, 0.98) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.88) | 0.26 (0.13, 0.44) | 0.98 (0.94, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.88) |
| HADS‐A | 8 | 61 (40.9)b | 0.91 (0.59, 0.99) | 0.63 (0.54, 0.71) | 0.16 (0.08, 0.28) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.0) | 0.65 (0.57, 0.73) |
| HADS‐A | 11 | 20 (13.4)b | 0.45 (0.17, 0.77) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.94) | 0.25 (0.09, 0.49) | 0.95 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.86 (0.79, 0.91) |
| PROMIS anxiety | T score 60 | 34 (22.7) | 0.73 (0.39, 0.94) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.87) | 0.24 (0.11, 0.41) | 0.97 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.81 (0.73, 0.87) |
The criterion standard is the generalized anxiety disorder based on the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I Disorders. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value; PHQ‐2 = Patient Health Questionnaire 2; HADS‐D = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression score; PROMIS depression = Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System depression short form 8a; GAD‐2 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2; OASIS = Overall Anxiety and Severity Impairment Scale; HADS‐A = HADS anxiety score; PROMIS anxiety = PROMIS anxiety short form 8a.
1 patient missing.
5 patients missing.
Kessler‐6 scale is a measure of general psychological distress.