Table 3.

Correlations, means, and standard deviations for each measure, distinguished by year

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Year 2
1. Forward word span
2. Backward word span	.346*
3. Verbal dual task	.585**	.296
4. Forward matrices	.124	.068	.189
5. Backward matrices	.325*	.308	.168	.479**
6. Visuospatial dual task	.470**	.047	.422*	.096	.235
7. Mathematics	.274	.738** , †	.225	.145	.445** , †	.197
M	19.32	22.00	11.39	28.54	19.00	11.54	93.68
SD	7.53	5.00	7.56	7.63	11.07	5.66	9.85
Year 3
1. Forward word span
2. Backward word span	.488**
3. Verbal dual task	.621**	.245
4. Forward matrices	.441*	.405*	.364*
5. Backward matrices	.618**	.514**	.341*	.694**
6. Visuospatial dual task	.417*	.320	.335*	.524**	.589**
7. Mathematics	.559** , †	.718** , †	.277	.409* , †	.682** , †	.299
M	24.96	27.69	13.23	36.31	30.38	10.15	99.85
SD	7.15	6.23	6.86	9.24	12.01	8.09	18.36
Year 4
1. Forward word span
2. Backward word span	.364*
3. Verbal dual task	.436**	.330*
4. Forward matrices	.417*	.353*	.411*
5. Backward matrices	.119	.055	.306*	.417*
6. Visuospatial dual task	.010	.203	.203	.500**	.313*
7. Mathematics	.350* , †	.614** , †	.333* , †	.625** , †	.428** , †	.535** , †
M	25.67	27.97	13.47	38.17	27.90	14.87	99.67
SD	5.71	5.73	5.54	6.86	12.02	7.87	12.24
Year 5
1. Forward word span
2. Backward word span	.495**
3. Verbal dual task	.357*	.321
4. Forward matrices	.364*	.169	.357*
5. Backward matrices	.305	.560**	.329*	.424*
6. Visuospatial dual task	.371*	.372*	.608**	.670**	.615**
7. Mathematics	.458** , †	.422* , †	.348* , †	.335* , †	.500** , †	.500** , †
M	26.48	28.30	17.81	38.26	30.07	16.26	97.26
SD	7.65	5.89	7.22	9.63	12.83	8.05	14.05

False discovery rate (FDR; Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995) correction of the p‐values (implemented using the p.adjust function in R) was applied across the six bivariate associations of interest, that is, between mathematics and each individual WM task.

^* p < .05, one tail

^** p < .01, one tail

^*** p < .008, one tail

^† p < .05, one tail, FDR correction.