Table 3.
Impact of continuing epidural analgesia during the second stage of labor and the newer ACOG definition of arrest of labor on newborn outcomes. Data reported as mean (99% CI) and N (%)
| Clinical outcomes | Pre‐phase (99% CI) | Post‐phase (99% CI) | Difference P | Earlier post‐phase (99% CI) | Later post‐phase (99% CI) | Difference P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall NICU admission (%) | 14.1 (7.3, 21.0) | 5.9 (4.7, 7.1) | −8.1%, P < .0001 | 6.8 (3.5, 10.2) | 6.5 (2.4, 10.7) | −0.3%, P = .2907 |
| Overall NICU length (days) | 15.6 (−2.4, 33.5) | 14.8 (13.1, 16.5) | −0.8, P = .2863 | 14.5 (13.3, 15.7) | 15.6 (1.4, 29.8) | 1.1, P = .2440 |
| Overall intubation (%) | 2.2 (−0.3, 4.6) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | −1.1%, P = .0003 | 1.05 (−0.8, 2.9) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.25%, P = .1321 |
| Antibiotics usage (%) | 7.3 (1.9, 12.6) | 3.4 (2.6, 4.3) | −3.9%, P < .0001 | 4.6 (−1.3, 10.5) | 3.4 (2.3, 4.6) | −1.1%, P = .0696 |
| 7‐day mortality | 0.63 (−1.68, 2.95) | 0.16 (0.03, 0.30) | −0.47%, P = .0020 | 0.19 (−1.04, 1.41) | 0.05 (−0.46, 0.56) | −0.14%, P = .1846 |
| Vaginal deliveries | ||||||
| NICU admission (%) | 7.8 (4.2, 11.3) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.9) | −4.5%, P < .0001 | 3.7 (2.1, 5.3) | 3.9 (2.4, 5.4) | 0.3%, P = .1567 |
| NICU length (days) | 15.5 (−8.8, 39.4) | 14.6 (11.6, 17.5) | −0.9, P = .3350 | 11.9 (4.7, 19.1) | 16.9 (4.3, 29.6) | 5.0, P = .0131 |
| Average 1‐min Apgar score | 8.4 (7.7, 9.1) | 8.5 (8.1, 8.9) | 0.1, P = .3011 | 8.7 (4.1, 13.3) | 8.8 (6.7, 10.8) | 0.1, P = .4480 |
| Average 5‐min Apgar score | 9.38 (7.87, 10.88) | 9.44 (9.21, 9.67) | 0.06, P = .4480 | 9.61 (7.23, 11.99) | 9.42 (7.87, 10.97) | −0.19, P = .2782 |
| Intubation (%) | 1.06 (−0.67, 2.80) | 0.59 (0.32, 0.85) | −0.47%, P = .0131 | 0.53 (−1.51, 2.58) | 0.57 (−0.7., 1.84) | 0.04%, P = .4435 |
| Cesarean deliveries | ||||||
| NICU admission (%) | 6.4 (3.0, 9.7) | 2.7 (1.9, 3.4) | −3.7%, P < .0001 | 3.2 (1.2, 5.1) | 2.6 (−0.6, 5.8) | −0.6%, P = .1003 |
| NICU length (days) | 15.7 (1.5, 29.8) | 15.0 (13.1, 17.0) | −0.7, P = .3341 | 17.1 (9.2, 25.0) | 14.3 (−1.6, 30.1) | −2.8, P = .0925 |
| Average 1‐min Apgar score | 8.1 (6.2, 10.0) | 8.3 (8.1, 8.6) | 0.2, P = .1316 | 8.3 (7.5, 9.1) | 8.31 (7.0, 9.6) | 0.01, P = .4669 |
| Average 5‐min Apgar score | 9.36 (7.07, 11.65) | 9.35 (9.07, 9.63) | −0.01, P = .4892 | 9.46 (8.12, 10.80) | 9.24 (8.20, 10.28) | −0.22, P = .1307 |
| Intubation (%) | 1.12 (0.38, 1.86) | 0.52 (0.27, 0.76) | −0.60%, P = .0015 | 0.52 (−1.44, 2.47) | 0.73 (0.11, 1.36) | 0.21%, P = .1757 |