Figure 4.
BT13 activates intracellular signaling cascades responsible for the survival and regeneration of neurons in vitro. Representative images of dopamine neurons probed with anti‐phospho‐ERK (pERK) (A) and with anti‐phospho‐S6 (pS6) antibody (B). (C) Mean intensity of pERK immunostaining in dopamine neurons in different treatment groups presented as percentage of vehicle‐treated dopamine neurons. (D) Mean intensity of pS6 immunostaining of dopamine neurons in different treatment groups presented as percentage of vehicle‐treated dopamine neurons. GDNF concentration, 10 ng/ml; BT13, 1 μM. One‐way analysis of variance with Dunnett's post hoc test. Mean ± standard error of the mean. Scale bar = 30 nm. Number of independent experiments (N) = 3. GDNF, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor; VEH, vehicle. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.