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. 2020 Jul 17;108(2):493–508. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0320-444R

TABLE 1.

In vitro and in vivo evidence of typical natural products on immune cells

Cell type Natural products Dose Experimental model Type of cancer References
T cells Curcumin 50 mg/kg, every alternate day, p.o. Tumor‐bearing Swiss albino mice, healthy human volunteers Any tumor 45
/ 4‐nitroquinoline‐oxide‐induced ♀C57BL/6 mice Tongue carcinoma 46
5, 10 μM Cal 27 and FaDu cell lines
25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/d × 10 d, i.p. 3LL tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 or nude mice Lewis lung carcinoma 49
0.8 mg/mice fLuc‐4T1 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice Breast cancer 50
1, 5, 10, 20, 40 μM 4T1 cells
2 mg/kg at days 6, 9, 12, 15 B16F10 tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice Melanoma 51
Resveratrol 100 μM JIMT‐1 cells Breast cancer 52
10 μmol/mouse, paint ♀C3H/HeN and ♀C3H/HeJ mice Cutaneous carcinogenesis 53
4 mg/kg, i.p. EG7 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Lymphoma 54
1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p. Renca tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Renal cell carcinoma 55
50 μM Nalm‐6.DR4 and Ramos.DR4 cells Lymphoma 56
HS‐1793 0.5, 1 1.5 mg/kg, i.p. FM3A tumor‐bearing ♀C3H/He mice Breast cancer 57
0.3–2.5 μM, 72 h Tumor‐bearing mice isolated splenocytes Breast cancer 58
Scutellaria ocmulgee leaf extract 100 mg/kg, p.o. F98 tumor‐bearing F344 rats Malignant gliomas 59
Apigenin 25 mg/kg, i.p. TC‐1 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Cervical cancer 60
Baicalein 50 mg/kg H22 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice or BALB/c‐nu/nu mice Hepatocellular carcinoma 61
Baicalin 80 mg/kg H22 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice or BALB/c‐nu/nu mice Hepatocellular carcinoma
EGCG ‐ ♀SKH‐1 hairless mice Cutaneous carcinogenesis 62
3 mg/mouse/200 μL acetone ♀C3H/HeN mice Cutaneous carcinogenesis 63
0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/mL TC‐1 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Cervical cancer 64
Naringenin 200 mg/kg p.o. 4T1 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 65
Procyanidin 1.2 mg/mice B16F10 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Melanoma 66
Digoxin 2 mg/kg, i.t. B16F10 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Melanoma 67
Telocinobufagin 5, 25, 125 mg/L ♂BALB/c mice isolated lymphocyte cell / 68
Cinobufagin 0.5, 1, 2.5 mg/L ♂BALB/c mice isolated lymphocyte cell / 69
Gamabufotalin 8, 16 ng/mL Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer 70
Paclitaxel 0.04, 0.4, 4, 40 nM OVCAR‐3 cells Ovarian carcinoma 71
5 mg/kg, i.p. MCA102 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Fibrosarcoma 72
135 mg/m2, i.v. Patients Cervical cancer 73
6.5, 13 mg/kg, i.v. B16F10 tumor‐bearing ♂C57BL/6 mice Melanoma 74
Artemether 10 mg/kg, i.p. Spontaneous mouse mammary tumor (SMMT)‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 75
Dihydroartemisinin 12.5, 25, 50,100, 200 mM SW1990, BxPC‐3, PANC‐1 cells Pancreatic cancer 76
Artesunate 0.03125, 0.125, 0.5, 2, 8 mg/L HepG2 cells Hepatocellular carcinoma 77
Artemisinin 100 mg/kg, i.p. 4T1 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 78
Triptolide 100 nM U251‐MG, T98G, U87‐MG, A172, LN229 and LN18 cells Glioma 79
10 mg/kg, i.p. B16F10 tumor‐bearing ♂C57BL/6 mice Melanoma 80
5 or 10 μg/kg ♂Sprague‐Dawley rats / 81
Platycodin D 10 μM NCI‐H1975 cells Lung cancer 82
POL‐P3b 250 mg/mL U14 cells Cervical cancer 83
Vitamin E succinate 5, 10, 20 mg/mL MKN28 cells Gastric cancer 84
Vitamin E 2 mg/kg, i.p. TC‐1 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Cervical cancer 85
Capsaicin 100, 200 μg, i.p. Meth A. and CT26 tumor‐bearing BALB/cJ, BALB/cJ nu/nu mice Fibrosarcomas 86
B cells Resveratrol 20, 50 mg/mouse, i.p. 4T1 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 87
50, 500 mg/mouse, i.p. B16F10 tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Melanoma
Artesunate 200 mg/kg, i.p. BL‐41 tumor‐bearing NOD.Cg‐Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice Lymphoma 88
MDSCS Curcumin 50 mg/kg LLC cells tumor‐bearing ♀C57BL/6 mice Lewis lung carcinoma 48
Polyphenon E 0.3% in drinking water Tumor‐bearing SCID mice Neuroblastomas 89
Silibinin 150 mg/kg, s.c. 4T1 tumor‐bearing ♀BAlB/c mice Breast cancer 90
NKs Asiatic acid 10 mg/kg, i.p. B16F10 ang LCC tumor‐bearing ♂C57BL/6 mice Melanoma and Lung carcinoma 91
Naringenin 50 mg/kg i.p. B16F10 ang LCC tumor‐bearing ♂C57BL/6 mice Melanoma and Lung carcinoma
Ouabain 0.75, 1.5, 3 mg/kg, p.o. WEHI‐3 tumor‐bearing ♂BALB/c mice Leukemia 92
Artemisinin 0.1 μM K562 cells Leukemia 93
Artesunate 6.25 mg/L Colon26 cells Colorectal cancer 94
12.5 mg/L Colorectal cancer RKO cells Colorectal cancer
Ginsenoside F1 25 mg/kg, i.p. B16F10 tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice Melanoma 95
Macrophages Hydrazinocurcumin 100 μM 3 d intervals × 5 times, i.v. 4T1 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 96
Dendrosomal curcumin 40, 80 mg/kg, 35 consecutive days 4T1 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 97
Resveratrol 100 mg/kg, i.p. LCCs tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice Lung cancer 98
Bufalin 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg, p.o. WEHI‐3 tumor‐bearing ♂BALB/c mice Leukemia 99
Cinobufagin 0.0125‐0.05 g/mL BALB/C mice / 100
G. atrum polysaccharide (PSG‐1) 50, 100, 200 mg/kg CT26 tumor‐bearing mice Colon cancer 101
50, 100, 200 mg/kg S180 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice Sarcoma 102
Capsaicin 100 μg CT26 tumor‐bearing BALB/cJ or nu/nu mice Colon cancer 103
DCs Paclitaxel 75 mg/m2 Patients Prostate cancer 104
POL‐P3b 50, 100, 200 mg/kg U14‐bearing ♀Kunming mice Cervical cancer 105
Capsaicin 32 μg/mL MG‐63 cells Osteosarcoma 106
IDO Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate (EGCG) 10, 50, 100 μM Caco2, HCT116, HT29, SW480 and SW837 cells Colorectal cancer 107
Paclitaxel 25 mg/kg, i.v. 4T1.2 tumor‐bearing ♀BALB/c mice Breast cancer 108
Cytokines Wogonin 100 μM Mouse gastric carcinoma MFC cells tumor‐bearing mice Gastric carcinoma 109
Immune checkpoints EGCG 0.3% in drinking water 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone treated A/J mice Nonsmall‐cell lung cancer 110
Splenocytes Resveratrol 15, 30, 60 mg/kg Specific‐pathogen‐free mice / 111

Note: oral administration, p.o.; intratumoral injection, i.t.