Figure A3.

When the supply rate of the secondary food source is high, a metamorphosing population evolves sometimes direct development in the stochastic IBM for low values of the supply rate of the primary food source. Evolutionary dynamics, starting from a metamorphic initial population, the extent of metamorphosis ($\theta$, mint green), the larval specialization parameter ${\psi }_{\mathrm{L}}$ (orange), and the resulting specialization on the secondary food source for individuals with body mass $w\ge w_{\mathrm{J}}$ (dark purple). We plot the mean trait value of the consumer population. The supply rate of the secondary food source equals $\delta X_2,\max =0.0165\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{L}}^{-1}{\mathrm{day}}^{-1}$, that of the primary food source $\delta X_{1,\max }=0.0011\mathrm{mg}{\mathrm{L}}^{-1}{\mathrm{day}}^{-1}$, which is the supply rate at which direct development can evolve (vertical dotted line in Fig. 2). The mutation rate $\upsilon$ equals = 0.01, $\sigma =0.01$, and $s={10}^8$ L. Other parameter values are as shown in Tables S1.2, S1.3, and A2.