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. 2020 Sep 3;11:568853. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.568853

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Copyright © 2020 Chakraborty, Modlinger, Ashraf, Synek, Schlyter and Roy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alpha diversity indices representing the fungal community richness and diversity among the six different bark beetles. The expected richness estimated by (A) ACE analysis and (B) Chao1 analysis indicated significant variation between Polygraphus poligraphus (PP) and other spruce feeding beetles while no such difference in community richness was observed between pine feeding beetles (IAC and SX). The gut fungal diversity illustrated by (C) Shannon index and (D) Simpson index documented similar diversity measures between Polygraphus poligraphus (PP) and Ips typographus (IT) compared to Ips duplicatus (ID) whereas Ips acuminatus (IAC) represented higher diversity than Ips sexdentatus (SX). The statistical analysis for the significant differences between groups is done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test where “^∗” denotes p < 0.05, “^∗∗” designates p < 0.01 and “^∗∗∗” resembles p < 0.001.