Fig 4.

Plasma concentrations of biomarkers of lung injury. Ratios of plasma concentrations of biomarkers of: epithelial injury (club cell protein-16 [CC16] and soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products [sRAGE]) (a–d); endothelial injury (angiopoietin-2 [Ang-2]) (e–f); inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-8) (g–h); and endothelial-derived coagulation activation (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]) (i–j) at the end of (T_end) and after 24 h (T₂₄) compared with baseline (T₀). (Boxplots represent median (Q1, Q3); error bars represent minimum and maximum values; full dots identify outlier values. Results of post hoc comparisons are shown if significant differences observed between the three groups: for post hoc comparisons, P-values≤ 0.01667 (=0.05/3) statistically significant. However, we also indicate for completeness all two-group comparisons where 0.01667<P<0.05 as these would be considered significant if we had not adjusted for multiple comparisons. ∗P-value 0.01667<P<0.05 compared with control; ˆP-value 0.01667<P<0.05 PEEP_{Ptp_ee}vs PEEP_maxCrs; ∗∗P≤0.01667 compared with control; ˆˆP≤0.01667 PEEP_{Ptp_ee}vs PEEP_maxCrs.).