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. 2020 May 18;40(8):1632–1644. doi: 10.1111/risa.13501

Fig 1.

Fig 1

A simplified version of a biotechnology's development process. Phases with higher levels of responsibility would be upstream—the idea and proof of concept phase (e.g., researchers from both academia and industry), and downstream—the scale‐up and market phase (e.g., governmental regulation).