Figure 9.

No significant cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) upon to poly(phenyl disodium 3‐O‐sulfo‐β‐d‐glucopyranuronate)‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside (PPSGG) treatment ex vivo. Freshly isolated human PBMC (n = 5 donors) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml), PPSGG (30 µg/ml), or the combination of both for 6 hr or in case of IL‐10 production for 20 hr. The production of TNFα (a), IL‐6 (b), IL‐10 (c), and IL‐12 (d) by CD14⁺ monocytes and HLA‐DR⁺ CD11c⁺ Dendritic cells (DC) was subsequently assessed by flow cytometry. Release of IL‐1β in the supernatant of incubated cells was assessed by ELISA (e). No significant increase in the production of any measured cytokine was observed related to PPSGG treatment. Results are shown as mean ± SD (one‐way ANOVA with Sidak posttest, *p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01, ***p ≤ .001)