Table 1.

Sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric data for the three samples

	Suicide		Sudden violent death		Control cases
	M (range)	SD	M (range)	SD	M (range)	SD
Age	20.9 (12–25)	3.0	20.6 (10‐25)	3.5	20.7 (10–25)	3.4
Mother's age at the child's birth	29.7 (16–42)	5.8	27.1 (17‐39)	5.5	28.9 (18–43)	5.2
Father's age at the child's birth	33.0 (19–54)	6.9	29.7 (19–40)	6.0	31.7 (20–49)	6.3

	N = 63	%	N = 62	%	N = 104	%
Gender
Male	41	65.1	55	88.7	76	73.1
Female	22	34.9	7	11.3	28	26.9
Parents’ latest marital status
Separated or divorced	38	60.3	37	59.7	46	44.2
Married or cohabitant	13	20.6	22	35.5	49	47.1
Dead mother	3	4.8	1	1.6	2	1.9
Dead father	7	11.1	2	3.2	7	6.7
Dead both parents	2	3.2	0	0.0	0	0.0
Latest habitation
With parent(s)	30	47.6	31	50.0	47	45.2
With partner	7	11.1	8	12.9	22	21.2
With friends	5	7.9	4	6.5	3	2.9
Alone	18	28.6	15	24.2	31	29.8
Psychiatric care	3	4.8	2	3.2	1	1.0
Homeless	0	0.0	2	3.2	0	0.0
Latest marital status
Single	58	92.1	53	85.5	84	80.8
Cohabitant	5	7.9	9	14.5	19	18.3
Married	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.0
Own children( yes)	2	3.2	6	9.7	3	2.9
Stepparents (yes)	20	31.7	10	16.1	35	33.7
Adopted (yes)	1	1.6	2	3.2	4	3.8
Birth order
Only child	7	11.1	4	6.5	7	6.7
First born	16	25.4	20	32.3	48	46.2
Middle child	16	25.4	18	29.0	20	19.2
Youngest	24	38.1	20	32.3	29	27.9
Country of birth
Sweden	54	85.7	51	82.3	98	94.2
Other European country	1	1.6	3	4.8	1	1.0
Non‐European country	8	12.7	8	12.9	5	4.8
Mother born in Sweden	47	74.6	37	59.7	87	83.7
Mother other European	6	9.5	16	25.8	9	8.7
Mother non‐European	10	15.9	9	14.5	8	7.7
Father born in Sweden	42	66.7	39	62.9	88	84.6
Father other European	9	14.3	12	19.4	9	8.7
Father non‐European	12	19.0	11	17.7	7	6.7
Education
Compulsory school or less	33	52.4	38	61.3	27	26.0
Upper secondary school	21	33.3	19	30.6	37	35.6
Post‐secondary or university	6	9.5	5	8.1	35	33.7
University degree	3	4.8	0	0.0	5	4.8
Mother's education
Compulsory school or less	11	17.5	12a	19.7	10	9.6
Upper secondary school	18	28.6	27a	44.3	33	31.7
Post‐secondary or university	8	12.7	10a	16.4	12	11.5
University degree	26	41.3	12a	19.7	49	47.1
Father’s education
Compulsory school or less	22	34.9	16a	26.2	19	18.3
Upper secondary school	12	19.0	19a	31.1	28	26.9
Post‐secondary or university	6	9.5	6a	9.8	18	17.3
University degree	23	36.5	20a	32.8	39	37.5
Occupation
Work	19	30.2	22	35.5	40	38.5
Student	14	22.2	19	30.6	39	37.5
Work and student	6	9.5	2	3.2	18	17.3
Sick‐listed	9	14.3	2	3.2	1	1.0
Unemployed	15	23.8	17	27.4	6	5.8
Mother's occupation
Work	57	90.5	52	83.9	99	95.2
Student	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.0
Work and student	1	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
Sick‐listed	1	1.6	7	11.3	2	1.9
Unemployed	2	3.2	0	0.0	1	1.0
Retired	0	0.0	1	1.6	0	0.0
Housewife	2	3.2	2	3.2	1	1.0
Father's occupation
Work	57b	91.9	56	90.3	103	99.0
Sick‐listed	3b	4.8	3	4.8	0	0.0
Unemployed	1b	1.6	2	3.2	1	1.0
Retired	1b	1.6	1	1.6	0	0.0
Criminality
None	27	42.9	13	21.0	48	46.2
Yes without sanction	18	28.6	13	21.0	40	38.5
Sentenced or investigated	18	28.6	36	58.1	16	15.4
Father's criminality
None	60	95.2	59	95.2	103	99.0
Sentenced or investigated	3	4.8	3	4.8	1	1.0
Addiction
None	32	50.8	36	58.1	97	93.3
Alcohol	11	17.5	8	12.9	3	2.9
Substance	20	31.7	21	33.9	5	4.8
Anabolic steroids	6	9.5	9	14.5	0	0.0
Psychoactive drugs	6	9.5	20	32.3	1	1.0
Addiction at the time of death	37a	60.7	26a	42.6
Mother's addiction
None	60	95.2	57	91.9	100	96.2
Alcohol	2	3.2	3	4.8	4	3.8
Substance	2	3.2	2	3.2	0	0.0
Psychoactive drugs	0	0.0	2	3.2	0	0.0
Father's addiction
None	43	68.3	46	74.2	91	87.5
Alcohol	17	27.0	15	24.2	12	11.5
Substance	4	6.3	5	8.1	4	3.8
Psychoactive drugs	0	0.0	1	1.6	0	0.0
Psychiatric care
None	18	28.6	26	41.9	55	52.9
Outpatient <18 years	28	44.4	30	48.4	42	40.4
Inpatient <18 years	6	9.5	8	12.9	1	1.0
Outpatient >18 years	35	55.6	17	27.4	20	19.2
Inpatient >18 years	25	39.7	11	17.7	2	1.9
Treatment unit youth	9	14.3	12	19.4	2	1.9
Foster‐home placement	4	6.3	6	9.7	3	2.9
Mother's psychiatric care
None	51	81.0	49	79.0	76	73.1
Outpatient >18 years	10	15.9	12	19.4	28	26.9
Inpatient >18 years	2	3.2	1	1.6	2	1.9
Father's psychiatric care
None	48	76.2	54	87.1	90	86.5
Outpatient >18 years	13	20.6	7	11.3	12	11.5
Inpatient > 18 years	4	6.3	2	3.2	5	4.8
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)	11	17.5	3	4.8	7	6.7
Autistic disorder (AD)	4	6.3	1	1.6	1	1.0
Attention def. hyperactivity dis. (ADHD)	13	20.6	19	30.6	19c	18.4
Conduct disorder (CD)	9	14.3	19	30.6	17c	16.5
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)	13	20.6	12	19.4	15c	14.6
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)	25d	43.9	21e	40.4	5f	5.8
Depression spectrum disorder	42	66.7	22	35.5	40c	38.8
Antisocial personality disorder (APD)	7d	12.3	19e	36.5	4f	4.7
Being bullied	28	44.4	15	24.2	54	51.9
Being sexually assaulted	13	20.6	1	1.6	4	3.8
Suicide attempt among relatives	20	31.7	18	29.0	38	36.5
Death by suicide among relatives	22	34.9	11	17.7	30	28.8

^a N = 61 owing to missing data.

^b N = 62 owing to missing data.

^c N = 103 due to missing data.

^d N = 57 age> 18 years.

^e N = 52 age> 18 years.

^f N = 86 age> 18 years.