DLS neuronal recordings in a pairwise discrimination and reversal touchscreen task. (A) Mice had microarray electrode arrays unliterally implanted in the DLS (dots depict estimated location of arrays) and were trained to discriminate between two visual stimuli (“fan” and “marble”) presented on a touch-sensitive screen to obtain a food pellet. The stimulus-reward contingency was then reversed, and mice retrained to criterion. DLS neuronal activity was recorded on three sessions: late discrimination (LD), early reversal (ER), and late reversal (LR). (B) Discrimination and reversal criteria (>85% correct choice) were attained in ∼12–14 test sessions. (C) Percent correct choice was high at LD and LR, and low at ER (repeated ANOVA stage effect: F(2,24) = 129.56, P < 0.01, followed by Newman-Keuls post hoc tests). Errors were low at LD and LR, and high ER, whether measured as total errors (F(2,24) = 26.41, P < 0.01) (D), perseverative errors (an error following an error) (F(2,24) = 26.33, P < 0.01) (E) or nonperseverative errors (an error following a correct) (F(2,24) = 15.43, P < 0.01) (F). For corresponding choice and reward-collection latencies, see Supplemental Figure S1. n = 13 mice. Data are means ± SEM. (*) P < 0.05.