Table 2.
Patient characteristics at baseline, indicating demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | All (N = 899) | Warfarin-based therapy (n = 494) | DOAC-based therapy (n = 263) | Antiplatelet therapy (n = 87) | No antithrombotic drugs (n = 55) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 411 (45.7) | 231 (46.8) | 105 (39.9) | 47 (54.0) | 28 (50.9) |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 80.3 ± 7.0 | 79.5 ± 6.7 | 82.4 ± 6.5 | 79.7 ± 8.1 | 79.4 ± 8.2 |
| Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 53.8 ± 11.4 | 54.0 ± 11.3 | 53.4 ± 11.3 | 54.3 ± 12.1 | 53.7 ± 11.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.2 ± 3.7 | 22.1 ± 3.4 | 22.4 ± 4.2 | 22.4 ± 3.3 | 21.8 ± 3.8 |
| CHADS2 score | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1.1 |
| ≥ 2.0 | 678 (81.0) | 362 (78.5) | 219 (87.6) | 63 (80.8) | 34 (70.8) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.5 |
| ≥ 3.0 | 738 (87.8) | 397 (85.9) | 241 (95.3) | 61 (78.2) | 39 (81.3) |
| HAS-BLED score | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.1 |
| ≥ 3.0 | 376 (45.1) | 213 (46.5) | 101 (40.1) | 47 (60.3) | 15 (31.3) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 46.6 ± 17.7 | 45.5 ± 18.5 | 48.1 ± 14.8 | 47.8 ± 20.6 | 48.3 ± 18.1 |
| Ccr (mL/min) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 40.4 ± 18.3 | 40.2 ± 18.7 | 40.9 ± 16.4 | 39.1 ± 21.1 | 42.3 ± 20.5 |
| Type of AF | |||||
| Paroxysmal | 332 (36.9) | 121 (24.5) | 125 (47.5) | 56 (64.4) | 30 (54.6) |
| Persistent | 311 (34.6) | 196 (39.7) | 76 (28.9) | 24 (27.6) | 15 (27.3) |
| Permanent | 256 (28.5) | 177 (35.8) | 62 (23.6) | 7 (8.1) | 10 (18.2) |
| Previous history of CVD | |||||
| Ischemic stroke | 125 (13.9) | 58 (11.7) | 49 (18.6) | 15 (17.2) | 3 (5.5) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 21 (2.3) | 11 (2.2) | 6 (2.3) | 3 (3.5) | 1 (1.8) |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 30 (3.3) | 13 (2.6) | 11 (4.2) | 4 (4.6) | 2 (3.6) |
| Systemic embolism | 11 (1.2) | 7 (1.4) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Major bleeding | 47 (5.2) | 28 (5.7) | 9 (3.4) | 6 (6.9) | 4 (7.3) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 685 (76.2) | 356 (72.1) | 215 (81.8) | 74 (85.1) | 40 (72.7) |
| Heart failure | 493 (54.8) | 275 (55.7) | 145 (55.1) | 46 (52.9) | 27 (49.1) |
| Dyslipidemia | 444 (49.4) | 240 (48.6) | 135 (51.3) | 47 (54.0) | 22 (40.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 190 (21.1) | 110 (22.3) | 56 (21.3) | 18 (20.7) | 6 (10.9) |
| Renal dysfunction | 86 (9.6) | 52 (10.5) | 15 (5.7) | 13 (14.9) | 6 (10.9) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 86 (9.6) | 45 (9.1) | 31 (11.8) | 6 (6.9) | 4 (7.3) |
| Malignant tumor | 68 (7.6) | 31 (6.3) | 27 (10.3) | 6 (6.9) | 4 (7.3) |
| Myocardial infarction | 45 (5.0) | 23 (4.7) | 7 (2.7) | 13 (14.9) | 2 (3.6) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 33 (3.7) | 15 (3.0) | 11 (4.2) | 2 (2.3) | 5 (9.1) |
| Thrombosis and embolism | 28 (3.1) | 13 (2.6) | 13 (4.9) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | |||||
| < 40% | 56 (6.7) | 43 (9.4) | 6 (2.4) | 5 (6.2) | 2 (3.9) |
| 40% to 49% | 73 (8.7) | 50 (10.9) | 14 (5.7) | 5 (6.2) | 4 (7.8) |
| ≥ 50% | 709 (84.6) | 367 (79.8) | 226 (91.9) | 71 (87.7) | 45 (88.2) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise specified
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; Ccr, creatinine clearance; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation