Table 2.
Studies and their characteristics on different target populations
| Authors (year of publication) | Study type | Intervention type | Study period | Study country | Healthcare setting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target population: PLHIV who know their status and are not yet initiated on treatment | |||||
| Labhardt et al. (2018) [15••] | Randomised controlled trial | Same-day home-based ART initiation with follow-up | February 2016–September 2017 | Lesotho | Public healthcare facilities |
| Ayieko et al. (2019) [16] | Randomised controlled trial | Community HIV testing with rapid linkage to care and ART initiation, transport to clinic, telephone or in-person follow-up for those who missed first clinic appointment | May 2013–May 2016 | Kenya and Uganda | Community-based |
| Ruzagira et al. (2017) [17] | Randomised controlled trial | Home-based HIV testing with post-test counselling for clinic referral | March 2015–March 2016 | Uganda | Home-based |
| Hoffmann et al. (2017) [18] | Randomised controlled trial | POC CD4 testing with post-test counselling, care facilitation counselling and transport assistance | March 2013–October 2014 | South Africa | Community-based |
| Iwuji et al. (2016) [19] | Randomised controlled trial | Home-based HIV testing with referral to healthcare facility for immediate ART initiation | March 2012–May 2014 | South Africa | Home-based |
| Baisley et al. (2019) [20] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Home-based HIV testing with enhanced telephone-facilitated support | January 2017–May 2018 | South Africa | Home-based |
| Rosen et al. (2016) [21] | Randomised controlled trial | Rapid single-visit ART initiation with POC blood tests, physical exam and ART education | May 2013–August 2014 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Shamu et al. (2019) [22] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Community-based HIV testing and counselling program, referral escorts to facility to expedited HIV initiation at facility | October 2015–September 2016 | South Africa | Community-based |
| Katbi et al. (2019) [23] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Targeted community-based ART initiation with counselling and ART education pre-initiation; 4-week ART prescription then linked to a healthcare facility for continued treatment and care | October 2015–June 2016 | Nigeria | Community-based |
| Amanyire et al. (2016) [24] | Randomised controlled trial | Training and coaching of healthcare workers regarding the risks and benefits of offering ART, POC CD4 testing, removal of mandatory multiple pre-ART initiation visits and feedback to the facilities on their ART initiation rates | April 2013–February 2015 | Uganda | Public healthcare facilities |
| Sutton et al. (2017) [25] | Randomised controlled trial | Modified delivery of pre-ART counselling sessions, SMS reminders, POC CD4 testing, accelerated ART initiation and non-cash financial incentives | April 2013–June 2015 | Mozambique | Public healthcare facilities |
| McNairy et al. (2017) [26] | Randomised controlled trial | POC CD4+ testing, accelerated ART initiation for treatment-eligible participants, mobile phone appointment reminders, health educational packages and non-cash financial incentives | August 2013–November 2015 | eSwatini | Public healthcare facilities |
| Onovo et al. (2016) [27] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Community-based One-Stop Shops providing integrated services for HIV testing and counselling, STI treatment, clinical referrals and ART | June 2015–December 2015 | Nigeria | Community-based |
| Rosen et al. (2019) [28] | Randomised controlled trial | Algorithm to ascertain eligibility for same-day initiation | March 2017–April 2018 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Pascoe et al. (2019) [29] | Randomised controlled trial | Fast-track treatment initiation; ART education and adherence counselling provided once before ART initiation, at initiation and at 1 month and 2 months post initiation | January 2016–December 2016 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Maughan-Brown et al. (2018) [30] | Randomised controlled trial | Conditional economic incentive on linkage to care and uptake of treatment following ART referral by a mobile health clinic | April 2015–May 2016 | South Africa | Community-based |
| van der Kop et al. (2018) [31] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Weekly interactive text messages, which are followed up by telephone calls if patient indicate that they have an issue | April 2013–June 2015 | Kenya | Community-based |
| Sikkema et al. (2018) [32] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Trauma-focused coping intervention delivered as 4 1:1 sessions and 3 group sessions, for HIV-infected women with sexual abuse histories | August 2014–October 2018 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Ruria et al. (2017) [35] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Fast-track peer-navigated services, peer counselling and psychosocial support at healthcare facilities | July 2015–December 2016 | Kenya | Public healthcare facilities and community outreach |
| Hacking et al. (2019) [36] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Peer mentorship via mobile phones for newly diagnosed youth | March 2015–May 2016 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Vu et al. (2017) [37] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Peer-delivered education and counselling and link to SRH facilities | March 2013–December 2014 | Uganda | Public healthcare facilities |
| Gamell et al. (2016) [38] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Integrated PMTCT clinic within reproductive and child health clinic, implementation of electronic medical records, provider-initiated HIV testing | December 2012–December 2014 | Tanzania | Public healthcare facilities |
| Aliyu et al. (2016) [39••] | Randomised controlled trial | Point-of-care CD4 testing, integrated mother and infant service provision and male partner and community engagement | April 2013–March 2014 | Nigeria | Public healthcare facilities |
| Nance et al. (2017) [40] | Randomised controlled trial | Community health workers facilitate linkage to health facilities and provide adherence counselling, loss to follow-up tracing and distribution of a birth planning tool | January 2014–March 2015 | Tanzania | Community-based |
| Phiri et al. (2017) [41] | Randomised controlled trial | Peer support for PMTCT based in the facility or in the community providing 1:1 support and support groups, appointment reminders and HIV education | November 2013–July 2016 | Malawi | Public healthcare facilities |
| Gill et al. (2018) [42] | Randomised controlled trial | Standard operating procedure with detailed guidance for referral to care for HIV-positive pregnant women receiving ANC services | May 2015–November 2015 | Democratic Republic of Congo | Public healthcare facilities |
| Mboup et al. (2018) [44] | Non-randomised controlled trial | HIV testing assessment with CD4, viral load blood tests for female sex workers; immediate ART or PrEP initiation when informed of HIV test result | October 2014–December 2016 | Benin | Specialist clinic |
| Tun et al. (2019) [45] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Community-based ART distribution program for HIV-positive female sex workers | July 2017–October 2018 | Tanzania | Community-based |
| Cowan et al. (2018) [46] | Randomised controlled trial | Combination HIV prevention and treatment intervention package providing HIV prevention and sexual health services plus assisted referral to HIV treatment | January 2014–November 2014 | Zimbabwe | Specialist public healthcare facilities and community outreach sites |
| Ortblad et al. (2017) [47] | Non-randomised controlled trial | HIV self-testing delivery models to increase HIV testing and linkage to care | October 2016–November 2016 | Uganda | Community-based |
| Maraba et al. (2018) [48] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Case manager facilitated care, promoting testing, getting laboratory results, calling patients to return for results and facilitating treatment initiation | September 2014–April 2015 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Target population: all PLHIV prescribed ART | |||||
| Georgette et al. (2017) [54] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Weekly scheduled SMS on antiretroviral therapy adherence support | July 2013–July 2014 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Haberer et al. (2016) [55] | Randomised controlled trial | 4 types of SMS plus real-time adherence monitoring on ART adherence: daily reminders, weekly reminders, reminders triggered after a late or missed dose (delivered to patients) and notifications triggered by sustained adherence lapses (delivered to patient-nominated social supporters) | September 2013–July 2015 | Uganda | Public healthcare facilities |
| Mills et al. (2018) [56] | Randomised controlled trial | Unconditional cash transfers with no financial coaching, unconditional cash transfers with individual financial counselling and no financial coaching and unconditional cash transfers only at the end of study | October 2013–May 2014 | Uganda | Community-based |
| Kadota et al. (2018)* [57] | Randomised controlled trial | Short-term cash, food assistance, nutrition assessment and counselling | December 2013–August 2016 | Tanzania | Public healthcare facilities |
| McCoy et al. (2017) [58] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Reward of clinic attendance using stickers on a clinic-based poster and adherence reminder priming using image on clinic poster, annual calendar or pill box | May 2016–July 2016 | Tanzania | Public healthcare facilities |
| Chime et al. (2018) [59] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Adult peer support groups addressing health-related issues and management of HIV, problem-solving around barriers to adherence | September 2016–December 2016 | Nigeria | Public healthcare facilities |
| Wesevich et al. (2017) [60] | Randomised controlled trial | Couple HIV testing and counselling, early disclosure of HIV-positive status, partner ART reminders | March 2014–November 2014 | Malawi | Antenatal clinic |
| Target population: those on ART with suboptimal adherence | |||||
| Birungi et al. (2020) [61] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Fast-track, enhanced adherence counselling for first-line ART failure patients, treatment buddies contacted when possible, VL repeated after 3 months | July 2012–December 2013 | Uganda | NGO-funded healthcare facility and outreach sites |
| Fox et al. (2016) [62] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Fast-track, enhanced adherence counselling for second-line ART failure patients, continuity of care with the same medical officer, VL repeated after 2–4 months | March 2012–December 2013 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Eholie et al. (2019) [63] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Intensive adherence counselling with 9 optional adherence reinforcement interventions for second-line ART failure patients, VL repeated after 12 weeks | March 2013–May 2015 | Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, Senegal | Public healthcare facilities |
| Kalichman et al. (2019) [64] | Randomised controlled trial | Behavioural self-regulation counselling for unsuppressed ART users | August 2017–October 2017 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Bezabih et al. (2018) [65] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Economic strengthening program | September 2014–September 2017 | Ethiopia | Public healthcare facilities |
| Jones et al. (2019) [66••] | Randomised controlled trial | Active visualisation device demonstrating how a liquid changes colour to simulate changes in viral load shown to first- and second-line ART failure patients | May 2016–November 2016 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities |
| Target population: interventions for ART users with stable adherence | |||||
| Fox et al. (2019) [72•] | Randomised controlled trial | Antiretroviral adherence clubs | March 2016–March 2017 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities and community-based |
| Myer et al. (2017) [73] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Antiretroviral adherence clubs | September 2015–April 2016 | South Africa | Community-based |
| Hanrahan et al. (2019) [74] | Randomised controlled trial | Adherence clubs | February 2014–February 2016 | South Africa | Public healthcare facilities and community-based |
| Target population: PLHIV initiated on treatment who disengage from care or are lost to follow-up (LTFU) | |||||
| Boeke et al. (2018) [81] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Quality of care improvement intervention package (training lay health workers in best practices for patient follow-up and counselling, improved appointment recordkeeping, phone calls and home visits to LTFU patients, enhanced adherence counselling strategies) | September 2016–August 2017 | Uganda | Public healthcare facilities |
| Bershetyn et al. (2017) [82••] | Non-randomised controlled trial | Tracing patients LTFU | January 2008–January 2010 | Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania | Community clinics |
| Yotebieng et al. (2016) [83••] | Randomised controlled trial | Cash incentives to remain in care | April 2013–August 2014 | Democratic Republic of Congo | Public healthcare facilities |
| McCoy et al. (2017)** [84••] | Randomised controlled trial | Short-term cash, food assistance, nutrition assessment and counselling | December 2013–August 2016 | Tanzania | Public healthcare facilities |