Table 3.
The results of logistic regression analyses when predicting hypertension in 2007/2011 by compassion among participants with (N = 817) and without (N = 476) familial risk for hypertension. Estimates (B) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | OR | 95% CI | B | OR | 95% CI | B | OR | 95% CI | |
| Among participants without familial risk for hypertension | |||||||||
| Age | 0.18** | 1.20 | 1.07; 1.36 | 0.18** | 1.20 | 1.06; 1.36 | 0.20** | 1.22 | 1.06; 1.40 |
| Sex1 | 1.03 | 2.80 | 0.92; 8.50 | 0.87 | 2.38 | 0.70; 8.09 | 0.79 | 2.21 | 0.52; 9.37 |
| Parents’ level of income (1980) | − 0.36 | 0.70 | 0.40; 1.22 | − 0.29 | 0.75 | 0.40; 1.40 | |||
| Parents’ educational level (1980) | − 0.14 | 0.87 | 0.37; 2.08 | − 0.18 | 0.85 | 0.31; 2.25 | |||
| Participants’ level of income (2011) | 0.39 | 1.48 | 0.81; 2.68 | 0.54 | 1.71 | 0.87; 3.36 | |||
| Participants’ years of education (2011) | − 0.10 | 0.91 | 0.51; 1.61 | − 0.17 | 0.85 | 0.42; 1.69 | |||
| Coffee consumption (2001) | − 0.09 | 0.91 | 0.47; 1.75 | ||||||
| Smoking status2 (2007/2011) | − 0.78 | 0.46 | 0.07; 2.83 | ||||||
| Alcohol use (2007/2011) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.51; 1.98 | ||||||
| Body mass index (2007/2011) | 1.05*** | 2.85 | 1.70; 4.77 | ||||||
| Physical activity (2007/2011) | − 0.28 | 0.76 | 0.43; 1.33 | ||||||
| Compassion (2001) | − 0.66* | 0.52 | 0.30; 0.89 | − 0.69* | 0.50* | 0.29; 0.87 | − 0.71* | 0.49 | 0.26; 0.93 |
| Among participants with familial risk for hypertension | |||||||||
| Age | 0.12*** | 1.13 | 1.07; 1.18 | 0.12*** | 1.12 | 1.07; 1.18 | 0.10*** | 1.10 | 1.04; 1.17 |
| Sex1 | 0.31 | 1.36 | 0.88; 2.11 | 0.46 | 1.59 | 1.00; 2.53 | 0.15 | 1.16 | 0.70; 2.01 |
| Parents’ level of income (1980) | 0.06 | 1.06 | 0.81; 1.38 | 0.16 | 1.18 | 0.88; 1.57 | |||
| Parents’ educational level (1980) | − 0.12 | 0.89 | 0.62; 1.26 | − 0.19 | 0.83 | 0.57; 1.21 | |||
| Participants’ level of income (2011) | − 0.29 | 0.75* | 0.58; 0.96 | − 0.29* | 0.75 | 0.57; 0.98 | |||
| Participants’ years of education (2011) | − 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.75; 1.23 | − 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.76; 1.27 | |||
| Coffee consumption (2001) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.78; 1.28 | ||||||
| Smoking status2 (2007/2011) | − 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.26; 1.04 | ||||||
| Alcohol use (2007/2011) | − 0.37** | 0.69 | 0.53; 0.90 | ||||||
| Body mass index (2007/2011) | 0.79*** | 2.21 | 1.76; 2.77 | ||||||
| Physical activity (2007/2011) | − 0.22 | 0.80 | 0.62; 1.04 | ||||||
| Compassion (2001) | − 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.76; 1.20 | − 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.77; 1.21 | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.80; 1.33 |
***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05. 1Female as the reference group. 2Participants without daily smoking as the reference group. Total N = 1293. Model 1, adjusted for age and sex. Model 2, adjusted also for parents’ and offspring’s socioeconomic factors. Model 3, adjusted also for health behaviors. Compassion was standardized to mean = 0 and SD = 1. Hence, OR refers to change in probability of hypertension per one-unit change (i.e., 1-SD change) in compassion