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. 2020 Jul 4;50(10):1709–1727. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01313-9

Table 3.

Single and repeated topical menthol application—accepted (a–h) from round 1, 2, and 3 for (4) Health Effects

Item Question no. Domain Context Statement Agree/disagree Round achieved Caveat
a 65 (4) Health effects Is safe at low concentrations Single topical Menthol application Agree 1
b 66 (4) Health effects Is harmful at high concentrations Single topical Menthol application Agree 1
c 68 (4) Health effects Requires specialist training for safe administration Single topical Menthol application Agree 3 When the product is not produced by a food or medically screened national or international standard (i.e., in a lab from "Raw" ingredients). If products not used as instructed by manufacturer. Use of food-grade menthol. Caution required (e.g. refer to specialist when not using a commercially available product)
d 69 (4) Health effects Use is widespread in sporting activities Single topical Menthol application Agree 1
e 70 (4) Health effects Is safe at low concentrations Repeated topical Menthol application Agree 1
f 71 (4) Health effects Is harmful at high concentrations Repeated topical Menthol application Agree 2
g 73 (4) Health effects Requires specialist training for safe administration Repeated topical Menthol Application Agree 3 When the product is not produced by a food or medically screened national or international standard (i.e., in a lab from "Raw" ingredients). If products not used as instructed by manufacturer. Use of food-grade menthol. Caution required (e.g., refer to specialist when not using a commercially available product)
h 74 (4) Health effects Use is widespread in sporting activities Repeated topical Menthol Application Disagree 1