Table 2.
Difference in cytokine/chemokine concentrations with alcohol consumption in the NHS/NHS2 study sample (N=1177).a
| Minimally Adjusted Modelb | Fully Adjusted Modelc | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Consumptiona | GMR (SD) | % Diff | P | GMR (SD) | %Diff | P | |
| SCFd | Cumulative average alcohol (g/day) | 0.99 (1.00) | −0.60 | <.0001 | 1.00 (1.00) | −0.50 | <.0001 |
| Cumulative average alcohol, categorical | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 0.98 (1.02) | −1.88 | 0.3174 | 0.99 (1.02) | −1.29 | 0.506 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.91 (1.02) | −8.79 | <.0001 | 0.93 (1.02) | −7.13 | 0.0012 | |
| Average alcohol, past 4 years | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 0.96 (1.02) | −4.40 | 0.0194 | 0.96 (1.02) | −3.82 | 0.042 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.92 (1.02) | −8.06 | 0.0003 | 0.93 (1.02) | −7.04 | 0.0015 | |
| IP-10e | Cumulative average alcohol (g/day) | 0.99 (1.01) | −0.80 | 0.195 | 0.99 (1.01) | −0.80 | 0.212 |
| Cumulative average alcohol, categorical | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 1.01 (1.12) | 0.90 | 0.9334 | 1.00 (1.12) | −0.30 | 0.9794 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.92 (1.14) | −8.24 | 0.5137 | 0.93 (1.14) | −6.76 | 0.6002 | |
| Average alcohol, past 4 years | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 0.82 (1.12) | −17.96 | 0.0762 | 0.84 (1.12) | −16.39 | 0.1075 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.88 (1.14) | −12.10 | 0.3328 | 0.91 (1.14) | −8.61 | 0.5034 | |
| IFNαe | Cumulative average alcohol (g/day) | 0.98 (1.03) | −2.18 | 0.3898 | 0.98 (1.03) | 0.4107 | |
| Cumulative average alcohol, categorical | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 0.51 (1.58) | −49.14 | 0.1373 | 0.53 (1.57) | −47.11 | 0.1585 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.77 (1.71) | −23.36 | 0.6182 | 0.82 (1.72) | −18.21 | 0.7093 | |
| Average alcohol, past 4 years | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 0.53 (1.59) | −47.22 | 0.1669 | 0.61 (1.58) | −39.47 | 0.2717 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.68 (1.72) | −31.55 | 0.4833 | 0.81 (1.72) | −18.78 | 0.7001 | |
| BLySd | Cumulative average alcohol (g/day) | 1.00 (1.00) | −0.20 | 0.0775 | 1.00 (1.00) | −0.20 | 0.1486 |
| Cumulative average alcohol, categorical | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 1.03 (1.02) | 3.15 | 0.1571 | 1.03 (1.02) | 2.63 | 0.2401 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.97 (1.03) | −2.86 | 0.2745 | 0.98 (1.03) | −2.27 | 0.3851 | |
| Average alcohol, past 4 years | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 1.00 (1.02) | −0.20 | 0.9219 | 1.00 (1.02) | −0.10 | 0.9631 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.97 (1.03) | −2.96 | 0.2689 | 0.97 (1.03) | −2.66 | 0.3247 | |
| IL-10e | Cumulative average alcohol (g/day) | 0.99 (1.01) | −1.49 | 0.1262 | 0.99 (1.01) | −1.39 | 0.1663 |
| Cumulative average alcohol, categorical | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 0.76 (1.20) | −24.27 | 0.1215 | 0.80 (1.20) | −20.47 | 0.2061 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.81 (1.24) | −18.62 | 0.3368 | 0.87 (1.24) | −13.06 | 0.5229 | |
| Average alcohol, past 4 years | |||||||
| >0-<5g/day | 1.01 (1.20) | 1.01 | 0.9561 | 1.03 (1.20) | 2.53 | 0.8885 | |
| ≥5g/day | 0.70 (1.24) | −30.16 | 0.0977 | 0.72 (1.24) | −28.04 | 0.1326 | |
Differences expressed as geometric mean ratio (GMR) and percent difference (% Diff). Reference category for categorical variables is 0 grams/day.
Model 1 adjusted for age/5yrs (continuous); Race (African-American vs. other) SES: US Census tract-based household income (continuous); cohort (NHS1 or NHS2)
Model 2 additionally adjusted for steroid use at time of blood draw; ever used oral contraceptives; menopause hormone status: (1) pre (ref), (2) post never, (3) post past use, (4) post current; BMI (continuous); current or recent smoking (within past four years).
Models run using linear regression.
Models run using tobit regression to account for proportion of data below the limit of detection of the assay.