Table 4.

Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Risk for Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis and COVID-19 (n = 212)

	Univariate model for all-cause mortality		Multivariate model for all-cause mortality (events = 57)		Multivariate model for mortality due to COVID-19 (events = 45)
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Demographic factors
Age (per 10 year)	1.20 (0.97–1.50)	.095
Male	0.77 (0.46–1.30)	.329
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	1
Non-Hispanic black	0.84 (0.46–1.58)	.609
Hispanic	0.66 (0.33–1.34)	.249
Non-Hispanic Asian	—	—
Other	1.43 (0.49–4.15)	.592
Liver-related factors
Etiology of liver disease
HCV	1
ALD	1.64 (0.85–3.14)	.138
NAFLD	1.08 (0.53–2.22)	.829
HBV	—	—
Other	1.22 (0.48–3.12)	.679
Decompensated cirrhosis	3.67 (2.11–6.37)	<.001	3.89 (2.18–6.95)	<.001	3.12 (1.68–5.79)	<.001
Presence of HCC	3.26 (1.52–6.97)	.002	3.66 (1.67–8.01)	.001	3.61 (1.58–8.25)	.002
Comorbidities
Diabetes	0.96 (0.57–1.62)	.888
Hypertension	0.88 (0.53–1.49)	.652
Cardiovascular disease	1.15 (0.64–2.04)	.646
COPD	1.60 (0.76–3.38)	.217			3.12 (1.68–5.79)	<.001
Behavioral factors
Smoking status
No	1
Past smoker	1.42 (0.79–2.58)	.244
Current smoker	2.16 (1.03–4.53)	.042
Alcohol consumption
Do not drink currently	1
Social drinking	0.26 (0.04–1.91)	.187
Current daily drinking	2.44 (1.38–4.30)	.002	2.34 (1.27–4.30)	.006

NOTE. To identify candidate risk factors of mortality, we performed a stepwise backward logistic regression analysis (probability to enter = 0.05 and probability to remove = 0.1) using all variables in the univariate model. Boldface indicates statistical significance.

ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HBV, hepatitis B virus infection; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus infection; HR, hazard ratio; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.