Table 1.
Baseline features of COVID-19 patients and according to the outcome.
| All patients (n = 109) |
ICU-free and alive at D14 (n = 81) |
ICU admission or death (n = 23) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and comorbidity profile | |||
| Male sex (%) | 67 (62) | 48 (59) | 18 (78) |
| Age ≥ 75 (%) | 45 (41) | 35 (43) | 8 (35) |
| Hypertension (%) | 63 (58) | 45 (56) | 15 (65) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 42 (38) | 30 (37) | 11 (48) |
| Diabetes (%) | 27 (25) | 17 (21) | 9 (39) |
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 27 (25) | 20 (25) | 7 (30) |
| Obesity (%) | 18 (20) | 14 (20) | 3 (18) |
| Cancer (%) | 26 (24) | 20 (25) | 5 (22) |
| eGFR < 30 ml/min (%) | 17 (16) | 12 (15) | 4 (17) |
| Lymphoma (%) | 7 (6) | 5 (6) | 2 (9) |
| COPD (%) | 7 (6) | 5 (6) | 2 (9) |
| Corticosteroids chronic use (%) | 16 (15) | 11 (14) | 5 (22) |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Dyspnea (%) | 65 (60) | 42 (52) | 18 (78)* |
| Respiratory rate ≥ 24 breaths per min (%) | 55 (52) | 41 (52) | 12 (57) |
| Fever ≥ 38.8 °C (%) | 20 (18) | 15 (18) | 3 (13) |
| SpO2 in room air, % (%) | 93 [90–97] | 93 [91–97] | 91 [89–93]* |
| Supplemental oxygen | 77 (71) | 53 (65) | 20 (87) |
| Oxygen flow, L/min | 3 [2–4] | 2 [1–3] | 3 [2–10]** |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.1 [11.2–13.6] | 12.3 [11.4–13.6] | 11.8 [11.1–13.9] |
| Neutrophils, /mm3 | 4510–6020] | 4190–5570] | 5630 [3515–7445]* |
| Eosinophils, /mm3 | 10 [0–50] | 10 [0–60] | 0 [0–20]* |
| Lymphocyte < 800 mm3 | 73 (67) | 24 (30) | 11 (48) |
| Thrombocytes, × 103 | 220 [153–288] | 226.0 [160.0–285.0] | 200.0 [117.5–301.5] |
| C-Reactive protein, mg/L | 65.9 [28.4–108.6] | 52.4 [17.4–104.0] | 90.1 [57.0–251.0]** |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.1 [0.1–0.3] | 0.1 [0.1–0.2] | 0.3 [0.2–0.5]*** |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 895 [403–1538] | 820 [341–1348] | 1413 [689–2079]* |
| Troponin, ng/mL | 16.4 [9.2–29.9] | 14.7 [8.7–26.8] | 20.2 [14.4–34.1] |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 355 [297–424] | 340 [279–413] | 377 [327–528]* |
| D-dimer, μg/L | 1045 [550–1910] | 930 [490–1840] | 1370 [825–2200] |
| Low viral load# (%) | 35 (34) | 27 (36) | 5 (22) |
| High viral load# (%) | 14 (13) | 8 (11) | 5 (22) |
| Predominant pattern in chest CT scan | |||
| Ground-glass opacities (%) | 37 (38) | 29 (40) | 8 (38) |
| Consolidations (%) | 50 (51) | 38 (52) | 9 (43) |
| Diffuse involvement (%) | 9 (9) | 4 (5) | 4 (19) |
Demographic, comorbidity and clinical and laboratory features at baseline for all patients and according to clinical outcome. Data was available at day 14 for 104 patients. Data are presented as counts (%) or medians [interquartile range].#Viral load from nasal swabs were performed in 104 patients, being considered low when superior to 30 cycle thresholds (ct), and high when inferior or equal to 20 ct. Comparisons across groups were performed with Mann-Whitney's test for quantitative variables, and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, with P value < 0.05 considered as statistically significant (two-sided tests). Analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SpO2 = oxygen saturation. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.