Table 2.
Summary of genetic features associated with tumour visibility on mpMRI
| Feature type | Feature | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Commercial assays | Progensa PCA3 | [7], [8] |
| Oncotype Dx | [13], [14], [15] | |
| Decipher (GC) | [17], [18], [19], [20] | |
| Prolaris (CCP) | [24] | |
| DNA-related features | DNA repair defects | [26], [27] |
| Copy-number alteration | [32] | |
| Mutational burden | [32] | |
| Genomic instability (PGA) | [2] | |
| PTEN loss | [37], [43], [44] | |
| Transcriptomic features | Biochemical recurrence–associated genes (CENPF, AGR2, GDF15) | [26] |
| Cancer progression–associated genes (SCHLAP1) | [2] | |
| Small nuclear RNAs | [2] | |
| Angiogenesis factor (VEGF) | [46] | |
| Tumorigenic drivers (SPOP, IDH1) | [47] | |
| Biological hallmarks of cancer | Castration resistance (WNT) | [27] |
| Immunological response | [2], [28], [29] | |
| Tumour hypoxia | [34] | |
| Tumour progression (GDF15, AGR2) | [2], [26], [29] | |
| Biological pathways | Mitotic cell cycle | [26] |
| Protein folding | [26] | |
| Cell cycle | [26], [27] | |
| Mitotic cell cycle process | [26] | |
| Cell division | [26] | |
| Apoptosis | [27] | |
| Cell cycle progression (PI3K-AKT-mTOR and E2F) | [27] | |
| Cellular structure components | Actin filament-based process | [26] |
| Cytoskeleton organisation | [26], [36] | |
| Stromal components | [13] | |
| Anchoring junction | [26], [29] | |
| Adherens junction | [26], [29] | |
| Focal adhesion | [26], [29] | |
| Cell-substrate adherens junction | [26], [29] | |
| Cell-substrate junction | [26], [29] | |
| Actin-based cell projection | [26], [29] |
AGR2 = anterior gradient 2, a protein disulphide isomerase family member; AKT = AKT serine/threonine kinase; CENPF = centromere protein F; CCP = cell-cycle progression; E2F = E2F transcription factor; GC = genomic classifier; GDF15 = growth differentiation factor 15; IDH1 = isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP + ) 1; mpMRI = multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging; mTOR = mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PCA3 = prostate cancer antigen 3; PGA = percentage of genome altered; PI3K = phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homologue; SCHLAP1 = SWI/SNF complex antagonist associated with prostate cancer 1; SPOP = speckle type BTB/POZ protein; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; WNT = Wnt signalling pathway.