. 2020 Aug 11;4(3):txaa153. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa153

Table 3.

Effects of FDE without or with protease on the concentration of monosaccharides, lactic and acetic acid (µmol/mL), and pH in the supernatant fractions of steeped WM over time

Item (µmol/mL)		Arabinose	Xylose	Glucose	Lactic acid	Acetic acid	pH
Treatment¹*Time²
CON	0	6.55^c	20.47^fghi	16.14^de	9.82^j	4.36^f	5.81
CON	12	11.52^abc	36.54^ef	5.54^ef	51.67^hi	28.37^e	5.06
CON	24	10.74^abc	8.24^hi	1.67^f	118.24^g	31.47^de	3.99
CON	48	3.10^c	5.45ⁱ	2.01^f	146.51^efg	37.05^de	3.99
CON	72	2.93^c	5.50ⁱ	2.21^f	155.51^def	46.78^cde	3.99
FDE	0	3.89^c	28.17^fg	26.17^cd	9.61^j	3.67^f	5.85
FDE	12	16.91^ab	83.49^ab	38.73^b	58.50^h	49.89^cd	5.09
FDE	24	19.50^a	63.47^cd	25.88^cd	126.69^fg	77.97^a	3.95
FDE	48	9.74b^c	52.84^de	9.10^ef	177.84^cde	83.59^a	3.87
FDE	72	11.09^abc	50.89^de	2.14^f	222.53^ab	82.27^a	3.85
PRO	0	3.90^c	21.68^fghi	24.53^cd	10.46^j	4.19^f	5.64
PRO	12	11.30^abc	50.96^de	41.26^b	35.7^hij	35.71^de	4.56
PRO	24	5.79^c	25.24^fgh	2.87^f	179.81^cde	57.97^bc	3.83
PRO	48	2.76^c	18.69^fghi	2.96^f	192.9^bc	78.95^a	3.67
PRO	72	4.43^c	16.98^ghi	3.35^f	190.22^bcd	94.62^a	3.64
FDEPRO	0	4.13^c	28.57^fg	31.19^bc	9.53^j	4.12^f	5.70
FDEPRO	12	19.22^a	98.76^a	56.85^a	26.48^ij	33.60^de	4.74
FDEPRO	24	11.74^abc	72.77^bc	6.52^ef	168.46^cde	47.53^cde	3.99
FDEPRO	48	9.30^bc	67.89^bcd	2.28^f	214.33^ab	74.52^ab	3.88
FDEPRO	72	8.47^bc	67.28^bcd	3.14^f	242.36^a	74.50^ab	3.95
SEM		2	5.03	2.77	7.93	4.81	0.15
Trt
CON		6.97	15.24	5.51	96.35	29.61	4.45^a
FDE		12.23	55.77	20.40	119.03	59.48	4.27^b
PRO		5.64	26.71	14.99	121.84	54.29	4.56^a
FDEPRO		10.57	67.05	20.00	132.23	46.85	4.52^a
SEM		0.89	3.42	1.72	4.74	2.82	0.13
Time, h
0		4.62	24.72	24.51	9.85	4.08	5.75^a
12		14.74	67.44	35.59	43.11	36.89	4.86^b
24		11.94	42.43	9.24	148.3	53.74	3.94^c
48		6.22	36.22	4.09	182.9	68.53	3.85^c
72		6.73	35.16	2.71	202.66	74.54	3.85^c
SEM		1.05	3.63	1.86	5.17	3.09	0.13
P
Treatment		<0.001	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Time		<0.001	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Treatment*Time		0.005	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.438

¹CON; no enzyme, PRO; CON + protease, FDE; CON + FDE, and FDEPRO: CON + FDE and protease.

Enzyme activities were: FDE: xylanase: 62,000 U/g, β-glucanase: 8,000 U/g, cellulase: 37,000 U/g, proteases: acid 2,500,000 U/g, neutral 800,000 U/g, and alkaline 1,300,000 U/g.

About 50 g of DDGS or WM was mixed with 500 mL of deionized water and 0.5 g of respective enzyme and incubated at 37 °C with agitation.

²0; steeped for 0 h followed by 12 h of settling at 4 °C,12; steeped for 12 h followed by 12 h of settling at 4 °C, 24;steeped for h followed by 12 h of settling at 4 °C, 48; steeped for 48 h followed by 12 h of settling at 4 °C, 72; steeped for 0 h followed by 72 h of settling at 4 °C. At each timepoint, LSmeans with different letters differs (P < 0.05), n = 8.