Table 1. Age-standardized baseline characteristics of the participants by 3 categories of BMI and 3 categories of Mediterranean diet score, respectively.
| BMI (kg/m2) | Mediterranean Diet Score (Score Points) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20.0–24.9 | 25.0–25.9 | 30 or more | 0 to <4 | 4 to <6 | 6–8 | ||
| n = 36,065 | n = 31,850 | n = 8,129 | n = 6,256 | n = 38,063 | n = 34,684 | ||
| Female, n (%) | 17,930 (49.7%) | 12,124 (38.1%) | 3,808 (46.8%) | 2,429 (38.8%) | 15,527 (40.8%) | 16,326 (47.1%) | |
| Male, n (%) | 18,135 (50.3%) | 19,726 (61.9%) | 4,321 (53.2%) | 3,827 (61.2%) | 22,536 (59.2%) | 18,358 (52.9%) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 61 (9) | 61 (9) | 61 (9) | 61 (10) | 61 (9) | 61 (9) | |
| Education, n (%) | <10 years | 24,272 (67.6%) | 23,534 (74.3%) | 6,455 (79.8%) | 5,175 (83.6%) | 29,002 (76.7%) | 22,502 (72.1%) |
| 10–12 years | 4,227 (11.8%) | 3,458 (10.9%) | 691 (8.6%) | 478 (7.7%) | 3,902 (10.2%) | 4,273 (12.4%) | |
| >12 years | 7,415 (20.6%) | 4,683 (14.8%) | 940 (11.6%) | 537 (8.7%) | 4,929 (13.0%) | 7,785 (22.5%) | |
| Height, cm (SD) | 171 (9) | 172 (9) | 170 (9) | 171 (9) | 172 (9) | 172 (9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 (1.3) | 27 (1.4) | 33 (2.8) | 26 (3.8) | 26 (3.5) | 25 (3.3) | |
| BMI categories (kg/m2) | 20–24.9 | na | na | na | 2,392 (41.6%) | 16,419 (45.0%) | 17,234 (51.0%) |
| 25.0–29.9 | na | na | na | 2,434 (42.3%) | 15,797 (43.3%) | 13,654 (40.4%) | |
| 30 or more | na | na | na | 929 (16.1%) | 4,298 (11.8%) | 2,926 (8.7%) | |
| Living alone, n (%) | 6,714 (20.0%) | 5,548 (18.4%) | 1,793 (23.6%) | 1,822 (31.1%) | 7,516 (20.9%) | 5,355 (16.5%) | |
| Energy intake, kcal/day (median, IQR) | 2,086 (1,620, 2,702) | 2,156 (1,659, 2,775) | 2,041 (1,562, 2,652) | 1,700 (1,221, 2,331) | 2,077 (1,586, 2,713) | 2,222 (1,764, 2,808) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | 0 | 31,914 (88.5%) | 27,751 (87.1%) | 6,825 (84.0%) | 5,206 (83.2%) | 33,073 (86.9%) | 30,725 (88.6%) |
| 1 | 3,822 (10.6%) | 3,745 (11.8%) | 1,181 (14.5%) | 935 (15.0%) | 4,554 (12.0%) | 3,667 (10.6%) | |
| 2 or more | 329 (0.9%) | 354 (1.1%) | 123 (1.5%) | 115 (1.8%) | 436 (1.2%) | 292 (0.9%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | No | 34,277 (95.0%) | 29,354 (92.2%) | 7,027 (86.4%) | 5,669 (90.6%) | 35,045 (92.1%) | 32,531 (93.8%) |
| Yes | 1,788 (5.0%) | 2,496 (7.8%) | 1,102 (13.6%) | 587 (9.4%) | 3,018 (7.9%) | 2,153 (6.2%) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | Current use | 8,957 (25.2%) | 6,974 (22.2%) | 1,755 (21.8%) | 2,042 (33.6%) | 9,481 (25.3%) | 7,046 (20.6%) |
| Former use | 10,233 (28.8%) | 10,955 (34.9%) | 2,907 (36.2%) | 1,576 (25.9%) | 11,474 (30.6%) | 12,009 (35.1%) | |
| Never use | 16,311 (46.0%) | 13,455 (42.9%) | 3,377 (42.0%) | 2,462 (40.5%) | 16,503 (44.1%) | 15,193 (44.4%) | |
| Exercise, n (%) | <1 h/w | 5,875 (18.1%) | 6,061 (21.2%) | 2,188 (30.8%) | 1,731 (34.2%) | 8,087 (23.9%) | 5,000 (15.7%) |
| 1 h/w | 6,397 (19.8%) | 6,354 (22.2%) | 1,666 (23.5%) | 976 (19.3%) | 7,204 (21.3%) | 6,677 (21.0%) | |
| 2–3 h/w | 11,060 (34.0%) | 9,158 (32.1%) | 1,923 (27.1%) | 1,316 (26.0%) | 10,346 (30.6%) | 11,221 (35.2%) | |
| 4–5 h/k | 4,405 (13.5%) | 3,406 (11.9%) | 656 (9.3%) | 475 (9.4%) | 3,888 (11.5%) | 4,392 (13.8%) | |
| 6 h or more/w | 4,792 (14.7%) | 3,576 (12.5%) | 662 (9.3%) | 570 (11.2%) | 4,290 (12.7%) | 4,563 (14.3%) | |
| Walking or cycling, n (%) | Almost never | 3,209 (9.7%) | 3,870 (13.3%) | 1,501 (20.5%) | 1,119 (21.1%) | 4,939 (14.3%) | 2,934 (9.1%) |
| <20 min/d | 6,461 (19.5%) | 6,866 (23.5%) | 1,889 (25.8%) | 1,183 (22.3%) | 7,971 (23.1%) | 6,680 (20.6%) | |
| 20–40 min/d | 10,992 (33.2%) | 9,083 (31.1%) | 2,001 (27.4%) | 1,436 (27.1%) | 10,360 (30.0%) | 10,978 (33.9%) | |
| 40–60 min/d | 6,097 (18.4%) | 4,672 (16.0%) | 925 (12.6%) | 704 (13.3%) | 5,538 (15.5%) | 5,974 (18.5%) | |
| 1–1.5 h/d | 3,531 (10.7%) | 2,519 (8.6%) | 558 (7.6%) | 408 (7.7%) | 3,212 (9.3%) | 3,247 (10.0%) | |
| >1.5 h/d | 2,848 (8.6%) | 2,154 (7.4%) | 437 (6.0%) | 449 (8.5%) | 2,727 (7.9%) | 2,529 (7.8%) | |
| Mediterranean diet score, (median, IQR) | 5.9 (5.1, 6.7) | 5.8 (5.0, 6.6) | 5.6 (4.7, 6.4) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.8) | 5.3 (4.8, 5.6) | 6.7 (6.3, 7.1) | |
| Mediterranean diet score, (units) | 0–4 | 2,422 (6.7%) | 2,427 (7.6%) | 908 (11.2%) | na | na | na |
| 5 to <6 | 16,439 (45.6%) | 15,794 (49.6%) | 4,288 (52.7%) | na | na | na | |
| 6–8 | 17,204 (47.7%) | 13,629 (42.8%) | 2,933 (36.1%) | na | na | na | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; na, not applicable.