Table 1.

Psychiatry quality program leaders roles, job funding, organizational quality structure, and scope of responsibilities

Variables	Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)	Yale
QI title	Quality Medical Director	Department of Psychiatry, Chief Quality Officer	Executive Director for Informatics & Quality	Associate Medical Director of Quality Improvement
Educational training in QI	Localized, institutional training	Localized, institutional training	2-year localized, intensive training during residency	Chief Resident year in QI, External program (Intermountain Advanced Training Program)
Years in psychiatry-specific quality role	4	5	2	2
Is job description standardized in the academic medical center?	Yes	Yes	No, in development	Yes
Time and funding	Partial FTE	Stipend only	Partial FTE and stipend	Partial FTE and stipend
Funding mechanism	Health system	Health system	Health system	Psychiatry hospital
Clinical role	Outpatient	Inpatient	Outpatient	Inpatient and outpatient (Consultation in a Specialty Clinic)
Organizational quality structure	Reports to Department Chair and Chief Medical Officer. Departmental QI infrastructure reviewed annually. Departmental QI plans submitted to organizational QI oversight committee for review and approval annually. Leadership (Chair, administration, nursing) are all supportive and engaged in quality efforts Support via organizational QI specialists and departmental administrative staff. No designated analyst. Administrative support available on as needed basis	Direct report to Department Chair and Hospital CEO, related report to UCLA Health Chief Quality officer. Provides annual presentation to health system leadership in quality. Health System establishes overall structure of QI goals, then adapted by every department, including psychiatry No data analyst provided. Performance improvement specialists available at health system level.	Reports to Psychiatric Hospital President (who is also the UCSF Dept. of Psychiatry Chair) and has dotted line reporting structure with Chief Quality Officer of the university. Chairs the psychiatric hospital’s Quality Council and reports out to Medical Staff Executive Committee. Serves as Lean coach alongside Executive Director for Operations for all improvement efforts. Also reports to Chief Medical Informatics Officer QI Specialist assists with lean/QI efforts and performs data analysis. Senior Quality Analyst focus on regulatory compliance	Reports to the Medical Director who also functions as Vice Chief of Psychiatry. Co-chairs quality/safety council with dyadic clinical outcomes nurse leader. Leadership (Vice president of service line, nursing lead, and medical director) are all supportive in quality efforts. Represents psychiatry in health system quality/safety meetings, including System Quality Council and Quality Vice Chairs/Medical Director meetings Data analysis provided on an ad-hoc basis for psychiatric QI projects. Shared administrative assistance provided through psychiatric hospital
Scope
Quality improvement	Lead	Lead	Lead	Lead
Quality assurance/regulatory compliance	Support	Support	Support	Co-lead a
QI education	Resident/fellow education and mentorship. Ad-hoc faculty and staff QI training	Resident/fellow mentorship and supervision in hospital QI projects. Faculty and staff development	Resident/fellow education and mentorship. Medical Student mentorship. Ad-hoc staff/faculty training	Trainings for staff/faculty; collaborate with designated education lead for residency on QI for residents. Resident mentorship
Informatics	General informaticist available through institution	Dedicated departmental physician informaticist available	Lead as part of role	Psychiatric informaticist available through institution
Analytics	Available through institution	Available through institution	Dedicated Analyst	Available through institution

^aCo-lead refers to working collaboratively with health system-employed quality assurance professionals who centrally report behavioral health and other quality measures directly to payers and regulators