Table 1. Characteristics of the researches studying Sadness/Depression and Fear/Anxiety in Skin Disorders.

Author	Country	Skin disorder	Sample	Measure	Results
Mattoo, Handa, Kaur, Gupta, and Malhotra (2001)	India	Vitiligo and Psoriasis	113 patients with vitiligo (30.11±12.49) and 103 with psoriasis (40.91±14.26)	ICD-10 psychiatric diagnoses and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)	Positive cases of depressive episode were 22% vs 29% in vitiligo and psoriasis, respectively. Depression, anxiety, and total psychopathology levels were similar in the two GHQ positive subgroups
Sharma, Koranne, and Singh(2001)	India	Vitiligo and Psoriasis	30 untreated psoriasis and vitiligo patients aged 18-60 yrs	General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-H)	The prevalences of depression were 23.3% and 10% in psoriasis and vitiligo respectively and anxiety was observed in 3.3% of each group.
Esposito, Saraceno, Giunta, Maccarone, and Chimenti (2006)	Italy	Psoriasis	2.391 patients	Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire Depressive symptomatology was observed in 1.482/2.391 patients (62% overall)
Engin, Uguz, Yilmaz, Özdemir, and Mevlitoglu (2008)	Turkey	Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU)	73 patients with CIU, and 34 healthy subjects matched for age and sex	Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)	When compared with healthy controls, patients with CIU had significantly higher BDI and BA scores
Ahmed, Ahmed, and Nasreen (2007)	Pakistan	Vitiligo	100 patients 15-60 years with a mean age of 24.6 years	Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (PAS)	Major depressive illness (15), was the most frequent psychiatric illness followed by generalized anxiety (10), mixed anxiety and depression, social phobia, agarophobia and sexual dysfunction
Tabolli et al. (2008)	Italy	Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus	58 patients of whom 47% < 50 years 53% >50 years	36-item short form health survey (SF-36); SQ anxiety scale questionnaire; Clinical Depression Questionnaire	Patients with higher depression and anxiety had a more severe degree o mucocutaneous involvement
Ehsani, Toosi, Shahshahani, Arbabi, and Noormohammadpour (2009)	Iran	Neurotic excoriation, trichotillomania, delusion of parasitosis and dermatitis artefacta	178 patients with psychocutaneous disorder (40.5± 15.6 years)	DSM-IV diagnostic criteria	Mood and anxiety disorders were common in patients with dermatitis artefacta, as patients with neurotic excoriation
Dieris-Hirche, Gieler, Kupfer, and Milch (2009)	Germany	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	62 adult atopic dermatitis patients and 62 healthy controls	HADS-D	A significantly higher level of suicidal ideation, anxiety and depression was shown among patients with atopic dermatitis
Abram, Silm, Maaroos, and Oona (2009)	Estonia	Rosacea	70 consecutive patients (seekers) and 56 subjects with rosacea from population (non-seekers)	Mood Scale questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS)	Higher mean VAS scores were not related to severity of rosacea, but were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms among seekers.
Layegh, Arshadi, Shahriari, Pezeshkpour, and Nahidi (2010)	Iran	Psoriasis, acne, alopecia and vitiligo	300 patients with a mean age of 26.55±10.81 years.	Beck depression questionnaire	The prevalence rate of clinical depression was found to be 47.4% in patients with acne; 69.4% in those with psoriasis; 70.1% in those suffering from vitiligo; 50% in diffuse alopecia areata; 60% in universalis alopecia areata; 100% in ophiasis alopecia areata and 68.3% in patients with localized alopecia areata.
Uhlenhake, Yentzer, and Feldman (2010)	North Carolina	Acne	Acne patients aged 18 and over	Total Resource Utilization BenchmarkOTM	Depression was two to three times more prevalent in acne patients than in the general population, with a reported 8.8% of acne patients having clinical depression.
Ghajarzadeh, Ghiasi, and Kheirkhah (2012)	Iran	psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata	300 patients (100 with alopecia areata, 100 with psoriasis and 100 with vitiligo)	Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SF-36 and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)	Significant correlation was found between DLQI and BDI in all disease groups (r = 0.44,P < 0.001). BDI scores were the highest in psoriasis group but this difference was not significant (P = 0.2).
Rashid et al. (2011)	Bangladesh	Vitiligo and Psoriasis	50 patients with psoriasis 35.32±10.05 years and same number of patients with vitiligo 33.50±9.99 years and were compared	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental and Behavioural Disorders-Fourth Edition) DSM-IV	The proportion of major depressive disorders (MDD) was higher among psoriasis patients 15(30.0%) compared to vitiligo patients 04(8.0%). However, no statistical difference was found between two groups of patients in terms of anxiety disorders (8% in psoriasis and 12% in vitiligo patients).
Chan et al. (2012)	Singapore	Vitiligo	145 vitiligo patients aged 21+	Strucured questionnaire	Among the patients, 17.2% (n = 25) had been identified as depressed.
Alfani et al. (2012)	Italy	Alopecia Areata	73 patients and 73 controls 35.2±9.2 and 35.1±9.1 years, respectively	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)	Some scales (i.e. Depression, Anxiety, Family relationships) were higher for patients with alopecia areata than for controls.
Al-Harbi (2013)	Saudi Arabia	Vitiligo	308 vitiligo patients	Beck Depression Inventory Scale	According to the Beck Depression Scale, 54.5% were found to be depressed, most with mild depression.
Settineri, Guarneri, Saitta, Mento, and Cannavò (2013)	Italy	Seborrheic dermatitis and Psoriasis	Respectively: 33 with SD (39.85±15.45) and 36 psorisatic (41.11±13.72) years	Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale TAS-20	Two different depressive profiles emerged: psoriatic showed symptoms of major depression, SD patients to minor depression.
Sellami et al. (2014)	Tunisia	Alopecia areata (AA)	50 patients-mean age 32.92 years	Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia scale 20, and Severity of Alopecia Tool.	Depression and anxiety were detected respectively in 38% and 62% of patients.
Duman, Ozdemir, Yucel, and Akin (2014)	Turkey	Pilonidal sinus	205 patients: 107 operated with primary closure (26.4±4.5 years) and 98 Limberg flap reconstruction (28.3±4.8 years)	Beck Depression Inventory; Beck Anxiety Inventory; Short Form 36	Mean Beck Depression Inventory (19±6.13 vs. 16±4.90 p < 0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (19±6.27 vs. 16±4.90 p < 0.001)
Dalgard et al. (2015)	13 countries	Infections of the skin and subcoutaneaous tissue	3635 patients aged 47.2±17.9 years	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	Clinical depression =10.1% Clinical Anxiety = 17.2% Suicidal Ideation = 12.7%
Pärna, Aluoja, and Kingo (2015)	Estonia	Dermatitis and Eczema	40 patients with psoriasis, 40 with eczema, 40 with acne, 15 with seborrheic dermatitis and 40 healthy controls (M=38.9±14.5 )	Emotional State Questionnaire (EST-Q); Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); RAND-36-item HRQoL survey	Depression was similar in all dermatological groups. Anxiety was significantly higher in dermatological patients, compared to healthy controls (p = .005).
Kim et al. (2015)	Korea	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	1517 (19.8±1.0 years)	Korean Military Multiphasic Personality Inventory (KMPI)	The adjusted odds ratios for depression, anxiety, and somatization were significantly greater for individuals with AD compared with those without AD.
Cheng et al. (2015)	Taiwan	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	8208 (32.60±16.06years)	ICD-9 Diagnosis	Higher incidence of depressive disorder With AD=273(4.32)Without AD=48(0.74) <0.001 and Anxiety disorders With AD=180(2.83) Without AD=45(0.70) <0.001.
Konda et al. (2015)	India	Prurigo Nodularis (PN)	39 patients with PN (27.87±17.6) and 39 age and gender matched healthy controls	Pruritus Grading Scale; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Hamilton rating scale for depression (HDRS)	Severity of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in PN patients (U = 350.5; p = 0.01).
Khattri, Bist, Arun, and Mehta (2015)	India	Vitiligo	50 patients with vitiligo and 50 healthy controls,aged between 20 and 70 years old	DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)	In comparison to healthy controls, the rate of depression and anxiety was found to be higher and mean self-esteem score was found to be lower in the vitiligo group. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of social anxiety.
Egeberg, Hansen, Gislason, and Thyssen (2016)	Denmark	Rosacea	30.725 and 24.712 patients with mild and moderate-tosevere rosacea > 18 years	Data on 4.632.341 Danish citizens	Mild and moderateto-severe rosacea increased the risk of both depression [IRR 1.89 (95% CI 1.82-1.96) and IRR 2.04 (95% CI 1.96-2.12)] and anxiety disorders [IRR 1.80 (95% CI 1.75-1.86) and IRR 1.98 (95% CI 1.91-2.05)].
Halioua, Cribier, Frey, and Tan (2017)	UK, France, Germany and US	Rosacea	807 (31.3±14.5 years)	Online survey of the general population over 18 years of age	Those with FS were more likely to avoid social situations (54.2% vs. 2.0%, p < 1.00E−10) and had a higher rate of depression (36.7% vs. 21.1%, p < 1.00E−10).
Wojtyna, Łakuta, Marcinkiewicz, Bergler-Czop, and Brzezinska-Wcisło (2017)	Poland	Psoriasis	219 patients with psoriasis, aged 18-70 years	Beck Depression Inventory, the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised, the Berlin Social Support Scales, and the Distress Thermometer	The main contributors to depression were: female gender, beliefs about appearance and its salience to one’s self-worth, greater psychological distress, and lower levels of emotional social support.
Vernwal (2017)	India	Vitiligo	100 vitiligo patients and 100 controls	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	In comparison to healthy controls, the psychiatric morbidity was found to be significantly higher in the vitiligo group (62% v/s 25%). 37%, 18%, and 7% vitiligo patients suffered from Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, Depressive disorder and Generalized anxiety disorder respectively.