Table 1.

A Comparison of Inline Positive End-Expiratory PressureValves Options for Differential multiventilation Systems

Types	Adjustable Inline PEEP Valve		Modified PEEP Valve With Collar	Inline PEEP Valve Enclosure With Commercial PEEP Valve
Construction	Commercial	3D-printed components	3D-printed components	Commercial Components	3D-printed components
Pros	Made for purpose	Requires minimal sourcing of supplies	Requires minimal sourcing of supplies	Uses commercial PEEP valves	Requires minimal sourcing of supplies
	Food and Drug Administration approved
				Valves are easily serviced and replaced
		Does not require an intact supply chain	Manufacturer PEEP settings/indicators intact		Uses commercial PEEP valves
					Manufacturer PEEP setting/indicators can be kept intact (transparent enclosures only)
				Manufacturer PEEP setting/indicators can be kept intact (transparent enclosures only)
		Convenient form-factor
Cons	Not available in most countries	No indicated PEEP settings (must be measured)	Leaks at higher postvalve pressures (due to manufacturer-provided cap design)	Requires sourcing of multiple parts	Fully 3D printed designs do not permit simple visualization of PEEP valve setting.
	Rarely stocked in hospitals	Printed spring strength may decrease over time at high settings	Requires epoxy and/or sealant	Nonprinted enclosures often involve more complicated assembly	Function of bottle-based design dependant on matching local bottle shape (varies by country) to 3D printed base
	Requires intact supply chain at time of surge
	Expensive		Requires permanent modification of commercial valves

PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure.