Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of our study population from Hangzhou (China).
| Study population | Pre-pubertal boys | Pre-pubertal girls | Pubertal boys | Pubertal girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 479 | 139 | 17 | 183 | 140 | |
| Demography | Age (years) | 11.0 [9.3, 12.4] | 9.8 [8.5, 11.1] | 7.9 [6.6, 9.4] | 12.0 [10.9, 12.9] | 11.2 [9.7, 12.8] |
| Clinical history | Obesity duration (years) | 5.0 [3.0, 8.0] | 5.0 [3.0, 8.0] | 5.0 [2.0, 6.0] | 5.0 [3.2, 8.0] | 6.0 [3.0, 9.0] |
| Anthropometry | Height SDS | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.34) | 1.66 (1.11, 2.20) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.13) |
| BMI SDS | 3.07 (3.01, 3.14) | 3.47 (3.34, 3.59) | 3.45 (2.91, 4.00) | 2.99 (2.90, 3.07) | 2.75 (2.66, 2.85) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.9 (88.9, 91.0) | 88.9 (87.2, 90.7) | 77.9 (72.3, 83.6) | 94.6 (93.1, 96.1) | 86.4 (84.2, 88.5) | |
| Development | Precocious puberty | 31 (6.5%) | n/a | n/a | 5 (2.7%) | 26 (18.6%) |
| Glucose metabolism | Matsuda index | 2.14 (2.02, 2.26) | 2.48 (2.23, 2.75) | 2.78 (2.00, 3.86) | 1.93 (1.78, 2.10) | 2.05 (1.83, 2.29) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.38 (5.34, 5.42) | 5.33 (5.27, 5.40) | 5.21 (4.97, 5.44) | 5.40 (5.34, 5.45) | 5.43 (5.35, 5.51) | |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | 22.9 (20.8, 23.1) | 18.5 (16.8, 20.2) | 18.5 (12.2, 24.7) | 23.7 (21.8, 25.5) | 23.5 (21.1, 25.9) | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 40.3 (39.7, 40.9) | 41.1 (40.0, 42.2) | 39.8 (36.0, 43.7) | 40.2 (39.3, 41.2) | 40.3 (39.7, 40.9) | |
| Blood pressure | Systolic (mmHg) | 124 (123, 126) | 123 (120, 125) | 120 (112, 127) | 126 (124, 128) | 124 (122, 126) |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 72 (71, 73) | 71 (69, 73) | 69 (63, 75) | 72 (71, 73) | 72 (70, 74) | |
| Liver function | ALT (U/l) | 31.6 (29.6, 33.9) | 33.5 (29.3, 38.3) | 23.2 (17.6, 30.5) | 34.2 (30.7, 38.1) | 28.1 (24.8, 31.8) |
| AST (U/l) | 29.3 (28.1, 30.7) | 30.5 (27.9, 33.5) | 25.8 (21.9, 30.5) | 29.8 (27.8, 32.0) | 28.0 (25.9, 30.4) | |
| Lipid profile | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.33 (4.24, 4.41) | 4.45 (4.30, 4.60) | 4.33 (3.94, 4.71) | 4.29 (4.15, 4.43) | 4.25 (4.10, 4.40) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.22 (1.18, 1.27) | 1.17 (1.09, 1.27) | 1.02 (0.82, 1.28) | 1.26 (1.18, 1.34) | 1.26 (1.17, 1.35) | |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 2.74 (2.68, 2.80) | 2.83 (2.72, 2.94) | 2.80 (2.50, 3.10) | 2.70 (2.61, 2.80) | 2.68 (2.58, 2.79) | |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.27 (1.25, 1.29) | 1.30 (1.26, 1.34) | 1.31 (1.16, 1.46) | 1.26 (1.22, 1.30) | 1.25 (1.21, 1.29) | |
| Inflammatory marker | Uric acid (μmol/l) | 398 (390, 406) | 376 (362, 389) | 358 (326, 390) | 427 (412, 442) | 388 (373, 402) |
| Atherosclerosis marker | CIMT (mm) | 0.57 (0.56, 0.58) | 0.57 (0.55, 0.59) | 0.60 (0.54, 0.66) | 0.58 (0.56, 0.59) | 0.55 (0.53, 0.57) |
Age and obesity duration data are medians [quartile 1, quartile 3]; precocious puberty data are n (%); all other data are means (95% confidence intervals).
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI SDS, body mass index standard deviation score; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; n/a, not applicable; SDS, standard deviation score.