Table 4.
Linear associations between the android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G), total body fat percentage (TBF%), and cardiometabolic parameters among pubertal boys with obesity in Hangzhou (China).
| Pubertal boys | Correlation (pearson's) | Multiple regression | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A/G | TBF% | A/G‡ | TBF% | |||||||||
| n | r | p | r | p | β (95% CI)* | Std β | p | β (95% CI)* | Std β | p | ||
| Glucose metabolism | Matsuda index† | 181 | −0.26 | <0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.78 | −0.14 (−0.23, −0.06) | −0.25 | 0.001 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | −0.08 | 0.35 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 182 | 0.05 | 0.49 | −0.03 | 0.70 | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.01 | 0.93 | |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | 183 | 0.16 | 0.027 | 0.08 | 0.30 | 2.11 (0.18, 4.03) | 0.16 | 0.032 | 0.51 (0.06, 0.97) | 0.18 | 0.028 | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 182 | 0.09 | 0.23 | −0.01 | 0.90 | 0.59 (−0.39, 1.57) | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.00 (−0.22, 0.22) | 0.00 | 0.98 | |
| Blood pressure | Systolic (mmHg) | 180 | 0.09 | 0.26 | −0.05 | 0.52 | −0.21 (−2.39, 1.96) | −0.02 | 0.85 | 0.19 (−0.30, 0.68) | 0.06 | 0.44 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 180 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.67 | 0.30 (−1.31, 1.91) | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.20 (−0.16, 0.57) | 0.09 | 0.27 | |
| Liver function | ALT (U/l)† | 183 | 0.20 | 0.007 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.17 (0.05, 0.28) | 0.22 | 0.004 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.18 | 0.026 |
| AST (U/l)† | 183 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.13) | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.12 | 0.14 | |
| Lipid profile | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 183 | −0.01 | 0.85 | −0.01 | 0.91 | 0.00 (−0.15, 0.15) | −0.001 | 0.99 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.03) | −0.03 | 0.69 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)† | 183 | −0.04 | 0.61 | −0.22 | 0.002 | −0.03 (−0.10–0.03) | −0.07 | 0.33 | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.01) | −0.26 | 0.002 | |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 183 | −0.02 | 0.78 | 0.06 | 0.45 | −0.01 (−0.11, 0.09) | −0.02 | 0.85 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.07 | 0.43 | |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 183 | −0.09 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.22 | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | −0.03 | 0.68 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.02 | 0.81 | |
| Inflammatory marker | Uric acid (μmol/l) | 183 | 0.26 | <0.0001 | −0.13 | 0.09 | 22.0 (7.5, 36.5) | 0.21 | 0.003 | 1.2 (−2.25, 4.65) | 0.05 | 0.49 |
| Atherosclerosis marker | CIMT (mm) | 170 | 0.03 | 0.67 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.004 (−0.013, 0.021) | 0.04 | 0.63 | 0.004 (0.000, 0.008) | 0.19 | 0.029 |
Data are Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and respective p-values; and β coefficients (95% confidence intervals), standardized coefficients (Std β), and respective p-values. Associations that are statistically significant (p <0.05) are shown in bold.
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CI, confidence interval; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Models included the A/G, TBF%, and testicular volume as independent variables; where the outcome was blood pressure, models adjusted for height instead of testicular volume.
These parameters were log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution, in which case the percentage change in the outcome response was obtained using the formula exp(β) (Supplementary Methods).
β coefficients are shown in association with a change of 0.1 in A/G.