Table 5.
Linear associations between the android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G), total body fat percentage (TBF%), and cardiometabolic parameters among pubertal girls with obesity in Hangzhou (China).
| Pubertal Girls | Correlation (pearson's) | Multivariable regression | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A/G | TBF% | A/G‡ | TBF% | |||||||||
| n | r | p | r | p | β (95% CI) | Std β | p | β (95% CI) | Std β | p | ||
| Glucose metabolism | Matsuda index† | 134 | −0.41 | <0.0001 | 0.05 | 0.60 | −0.17 (−0.28, −0.06) | −0.30 | 0.002 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.07 | 0.43 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 137 | 0.07 | 0.40 | −0.04 | 0.64 | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.14) | 0.14 | 0.21 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | −0.09 | 0.34 | |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | 137 | 0.37 | <0.0001 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 3.44 (1.09, 5.79) | 0.28 | 0.004 | −0.10 (−0.71, 0.52) | −0.03 | 0.76 | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 135 | 0.11 | 0.19 | −0.02 | 0.85 | 0.70 (−0.06, 0.15) | 0.13 | 0.16 | −0.09 (−0.36, 0.19) | −0.06 | 0.53 | |
| Blood pressure | Systolic (mmHg) | 137 | 0.20 | 0.019 | −0.09 | 0.30 | 1.13 (−0.89, 3.15) | 0.11 | 0.27 | −0.24 (−0.78, 0.29) | −0.08 | 0.37 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 137 | 0.21 | 0.013 | −0.02 | 0.80 | 1.22 (−0.61, 3.06) | 0.13 | 0.19 | −0.06 (−0.55, 0.43) | −0.02 | 0.80 | |
| Liver function | ALT (U/l)† | 140 | 0.46 | <0.0001 | −0.03 | 0.77 | 0.27 (0.15, 0.38) | 0.41 | <0.0001 | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | −0.12 | 0.17 |
| AST (U/l)† | 140 | 0.33 | <0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.16 (0.07, 0.24) | 0.38 | <0.0001 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | −0.11 | 0.22 | |
| Lipid profile | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 139 | 0.24 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.78 | 0.20 (0.04, 0.37) | 0.25 | 0.016 | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | −0.05 | 0.59 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)† | 139 | 0.16 | 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.94 | 0.05 (−0.02, 0.13) | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | −0.04 | 0.68 | |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 138 | 0.26 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.15 (0.03, 0.26) | 0.27 | 0.011 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −0.05 | 0.58 | |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 138 | −0.12 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.33 | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.02) | −0.12 | 0.27 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.11 | 0.25 | |
| Inflammatory marker | Uric acid (μmol/l) | 140 | 0.37 | <0.0001 | −0.08 | 0.33 | 27.2 (12.9, 41.55) | 0.36 | <0.0001 | −3.6 (−7.3, 0.1) | −0.17 | 0.05 |
| Atherosclerosis marker | CIMT (mm) | 128 | 0.19 | 0.036 | 0.02 | 0.84 | 0.009 (−0.012, 0.029) | 0.09 | 0.40 | 0.000 (−0.005, 0.006) | 0.02 | 0.86 |
Data are Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and respective p-values; and β coefficients (95% confidence intervals), standardized coefficients (Std β), and respective p-values. Associations that are statistically significant (p <0.05) are shown in bold.
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CI, confidence interval; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Models included A/G, TBF%, and age as independent variables; where the outcome was blood pressure, models adjusted for height instead of age.
These parameters were log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution, in which case the percentage change in the outcome response was obtained using the formula exp(β) (Supplementary Methods).
β coefficients are shown in association with a change of 0.1 in the A/G.