Table 6.

The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in association with the android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) or total body fat percentage (TBF%) among children and adolescents with obesity in Hangzhou (China).

		Pre-pubertal boys*			Pubertal boys†			Pubertal girls‡
		Prevalence	aOR (95% CI)	p	Prevalence	aOR (95% CI)	p	Prevalence	aOR (95% CI)	p
Impaired fasting glucose	A/G**	20.9%	0.89 (0.54, 1.46)	0.64	18.2%	1.12 (0.80, 1.57)	0.50	32.1%	1.20 (0.82, 1.76)	0.36
	Total body fat %		0.98 (0.83, 1.14)	0.76		1.03 (0.95, 1.11)	0.51		0.98 (0.88, 1.08)	0.65
Impaired glucose tolerance	A/G**	15.1%	1.42 (0.79, 2.55)	0.24	30.1%	1.64 (1.07, 2.51)	0.022	18.6%	1.81 (1.10, 2.98)	0.021
	Total body fat %		1.07 (0.89, 1.29)	0.49		1.03 (0.93, 1.14)	0.60		0.96 (0.84, 1.10)	0.57
Abnormal glycaemia	A/G **	35.3%	1.06 (0.69, 1.62)	0.78	39.8%	1.51 (1.08, 2.11)	0.016	40.7%	1.42 (0.97, 2.09)	0.07
	Total body fat%		1.02 (0.89, 1.17)	0.78		1.00 (0.93, 1.08)	0.99		0.96 (0.87, 1.06)	0.41
Hypertension	A/G**	46.8%	1.03 (0.69, 1.54)	0.89	45.9%	0.88 (0.63, 1.21)	0.43	49.3%	1.24 (0.87, 1.77)	0.24
	Total body fat %		1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	0.83		1.02 (0.95, 1.10)	0.53		0.99 (0.90, 1.08)	0.83
Dyslipidaemia	A/G **	48.2%	1.62 (1.05, 2.49)	0.028	48.3%	0.87 (0.64, 1.19)	0.39	47.9%	1.16 (0.81, 1.67)	0.41
	Total body fat %		0.94 (0.83, 1.07)	0.37		0.96 (0.89, 1.03)	0.29		0.95 (0.87, 1.05)	0.30
Metabolic syndrome	A/G**	n/a	n/a	n/a	45.5%	0.97 (0.71, 1.31)	0.83	44.3%	1.31 (0.90, 1.90)	0.15
	Total body fat%	n/a	n/a	n/a		0.97 (0.90, 1.05)	0.44		0.96 (0.88, 1.06)	0.46
NAFLD	A/G**	61.2%	2.57 (1.56, 4.21)	0.0002	59.1%	1.69 (1.18, 2.41)	0.004	49.3%	1.31 (0.88, 1.97)	0.18
	Total body fat %		1.14 (0.99, 1.31)	0.07		1.15 (1.06, 1.26)	0.001		1.02 (0.91, 1.12)	0.78
Hyperuricaemia	A/G**	8.6%	1.22 (0.59, 2.54)	0.59	24.4%	1.43 (0.98, 2.10)	0.06	12.1%	1.72 (0.97, 3.03)	0.06
	Total body fat%		1.02 (0.81, 1.28)	0.89		1.02 (0.94, 1.12)	0.62		0.93 (0.80, 1.10)	0.40

The definitions of the adverse outcomes are provided in Table 1.

Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) are shown in bold.

n/a, not applicable (current guidelines recommend that it is not appropriate to diagnose the metabolic syndrome in young children); CI, confidence interval; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

^*Models included the A/G and TBF% as independent variables.

^†Models included the A/G, TBF%, and testicular volume as independent variables; where the outcome was hypertension, models adjusted for height instead of testicular volume.

^‡Models included the A/G, TBF%, and age as independent variables; where the outcome was hypertension, models adjusted for height instead of age.

^**aOR are shown in association with a change of 0.1 in the A/G.