Table 7.
Summary of the independent associations between the android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) or total body fat percentage (TBF%) and cardiometabolic outcomes among children and adolescents with obesity in Hangzhou (China).
| Pre-pubertal boys | Pubertal boys | Pubertal girls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A/G | TBF% | A/G | TBF% | A/G | TBF% | ||
| Glucose metabolism | Matsuda index | ↓ | – | ↓ | – | ↓ | – |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | ↑ | – | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | ↑ | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | – | – | ↑ | – | ↑ | – | |
| Abnormal glycaemia | – | – | ↑ | – | – | – | |
| Liver function | ALT (U/l) | ↑ | – | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – |
| AST (U/l) | – | – | – | – | ↑ | – | |
| NAFLD | ↑ | – | ↑ | ↑ | – | – | |
| Lipid profile | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | – | – | – | – | ↑ | – |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | – | – | – | ↓ | – | – | |
| LDL (mmol/l) | – | – | – | – | ↑ | – | |
| Dyslipidaemia | ↑ | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Inflammatory marker | Uric acid (μmol/l) | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↑ | – |
| Atherosclerosis marker | CIMT (mm) | – | – | – | ↑ | – | – |
↑ indicates a statistically significant positive association and ↓ a negative association between A/G or TBF% and a given outcome, from either a multiple regression for continuous outcomes or a generalized linear model for categorical adverse outcomes.
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
The definitions of dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abnormal glycaemia are provided in Table 1.