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Role of NFκB signaling in causing inflammation and loss of redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells. Arrow-headed lines represent activation; dot-ended lines represent inhibition. COX-2 = cyclooxygenase-2; IL = interleukin; NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen; NF-κB = nuclear factor-κB; PGC-1ɑ = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α; ROS = reactive oxygen species; SIRT1 = sirtuin 1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α; XO = xanthine oxidase.
