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Participant screening flow chart. We screened 136 participants, including 43 healthy women, 44 benign and 49 EC patients. Among 44 benign patients, 3 patients with other tumors were excluded. Among 49 EC patients, 6 EC patients lacked pre-operative blood samples, and 1 patients with metastatic EC were excluded. Among 42 patients included in the EC group, paired pre- and post-operative blood samples were obtained from 12 patients.
