TABLE 4.
Serum concentrations of zonulin, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP), and plasma levels of citrulline before (T0), at exercise completion (T1) and post-exercise (T2, T24).
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T24 | ||
| Zonulin (ng/mL) | P1 | 28.3 ± 8.4 | 31.3 ± 8.8 | 31.5 ± 4.9 | 31.8 ± 6.3 |
| P2 | 30.6 ± 7.6 | 34.7 ± 4.8 | 31.8 ± 3.1 | 33.9 ± 4.4 | |
| P3 | 36.7 ± 6.6 | 37.1 ± 6.0 | 40.0 ± 4.9 | 36.3 ± 9.6 | |
| P4 | 31.5 ± 8.0 | 33.1 ± 7.4 | 31.7 ± 7.1 | 30.6 ± 5.9 | |
| iFABP (pg/mL) | P1 | 841.4 ± 448.3 | 642.7 ± 344.4 | 415.1 ± 306.2 | 830.4 ± 455.8 |
| P2 | 742.9 ± 341.1 | 1.262.8 ± 512.7** | 788.4 ± 448.4** | 817.0 ± 381.1 | |
| P3 | 689.8 ± 310.0 | 1.559.8 ± 658.9** | 957.0 ± 699.7** | 900.5 ± 563.2 | |
| P4 | 698.8 ± 369.1 | 598.6 ± 360.3 | 346.7 ± 164.7 | 646.5 ± 367.5 | |
| Citrulline (μm/L) | P1 | 32.9 ± 6.5 | 29.0 ± 5.8 | 41.7 ± 7.3 | 35.5 ± 6.0 |
| P2 | 34.7 ± 5.5 | 42.6 ± 6.4** | 46.2 ± 9.4 | 37.3 ± 6.5 | |
| P3 | 36.1 ± 7.4 | 33.5 ± 8.3 | 38.5 ± 8.3** | 37.4 ± 6.9 | |
| P4 | 34.9 ± 5.6 | 43.8 ± 10.2** | 50.5 ± 9.8* | 36.6 ± 7.0 |
P1 is rest condition, P2 and P3 are high intensity exercise of 70% Wmax in hydrated and dehydrated condition respectively and P4 is moderate exercise of 50% Wmax. The values are given with SD. Significant differences in concentrations are shown with asterisks (∗) for p values (*p < 0.01, **p < 0.001). Maximum concentrations (peaks) at a given timepoint are shown in bold.