Figure 11.

The effect of CoQ₁₀ and Khat supplementation on the levels of the cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) (Figure A), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Figure B) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Figure C). Units pg/mL: Picograms per milliliter. Wild type naïve (Control) group, CoQ₁₀ only administered group, Khat only administered group and Khat-CoQ₁₀ co-administered group. Comparisons between the various groups were done by one way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons post hoc test. (Indicated level of significance: ∗P ≤ 0.05; ∗∗P ≤ 0.001; ∗∗∗P ≤ 0.0001). n = 10. Bars represent mean ± SEM.