Table 1.

H₂S levels in diabetes.

Diabetic patients/animals/cells	Method for H2S assay	Sources of H2S/free sulfide	H2S in diabetes vs. non-diabetes	Ref. #
db/db mice	Gas chromatography	Bone marrow cells	↓	4
		Plasma	↓
		Medial tight muscles	↓
High glucose-treated human microvascular ECs	Florescent dye sulfidefluor 7AM	ECs	↓	4
db/db mice	Florescent dye sulfidefluor 7AM	Mesenteric artery	↓	5
db/db mice	RP-HPLC	Mesenteric artery	↓	5
Akita mice	Spectrophotometer	kidney	↓	[44]
High glucose-treated mouse glomerular ECs	Spectrophotometer	ECs	↓	[44]
High fat diet-induced diabetic LDLR−/- mice	Spectrophotometer	Plasma	↓	[43]
Type 2 diabetic patients and STZ-treated diabetic rats	Spectrophotometer	Plasma	↓	[45]
Non-obese/Ltj diabetic mice	Spectrophotometer	Plasma	↓	[46]
		Aorta	↓
STZ-treated mice	Spectrophotometer	Pancreas	↓	[48]
Type 2 diabetic patients	Spectrophotometer	Plasma	↓	[49]
High glucose-treated microvascular ECs (bEnd3)	Spectrophotometer	ECs	↓	[50]
Women with Gestational diabetes mellitus	Sulfide-sensitive electrode (PXS-270)	Plasma	↓	[69]
High fat diet-induced diabetic mice	Gas chromatography	Heart tissue	↔	[70]
		Plasma	↔
Type 2 diabetic patients	Spectrophotometry (blood)	Blood	↔	[71]
	Methylene blue (plasma)	Plasma	↔
STZ-treated diabetic rats	Spectrophotometer	Vascular smooth muscle cells of thoracic aorta	↓	[72]
STZ-treated diabetic rats	Spectrophotometer	Plasma	↓	[73]
Fructose-fed diabetic rats	Methylene blue	Adipose tissue	↑	[74]
STZ-treated diabetic rats	–	Liver	↓	[75]
		Pancreas	↓
High glucose treated pancreatic islets	Methylene blue	Pancreatic islets	↓	[76]
STZ-treated diabetic rats	Spectrophotometer	Plasma, liver, pancreas and kidney	Plasma: ↔ Liver: ↑ Pancreas: ↑ Kidney: ↔	[75]