Table 2.
Generalized estimating equations (GEE) for predicting county COVID-19 incidence rate: Standardized model coefficients and significance.
| Beta | Std Error | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Wald Chi Square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race: | |||||
| Percent w/disability: White alone | −0.203 | 0.020 | −0.242 | −0.164 | 102.958∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Black alone | 0.111 | 0.016 | 0.079 | 0.143 | 46.214∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Native American | 0.051 | 0.009 | 0.033 | 0.069 | 31.438∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Asian alone | 0.080 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.115 | 21.060∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Other race | 0.077 | 0.017 | 0.044 | 0.110 | 21.030∗∗ |
| Intercept | 7.160 | 0.083 | 6.997 | 7.322 | 7465.214∗∗ |
| Ethnicity: | |||||
| Percent w/disability: Non-Hispanic White | −0.237 | 0.022 | −0.280 | −0.194 | 116.954∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Hispanic | 0.119 | 0.031 | 0.058 | 0.180 | 14.708∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Non-Hispanic non-White | 0.118 | 0.0161 | 0.086 | 0.149 | 53.248∗∗ |
| Intercept | 7.186 | 0.083 | 7.023 | 7.348 | 7525.648∗∗ |
| Poverty status: | |||||
| Percent w/disability: Below poverty level | 0.148 | 0.022 | 0.105 | 0.190 | 46.913∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Above poverty level | −0.267 | 0.023 | −0.312 | −0.222 | 134.297∗∗ |
| Intercept | 7.183 | 0.072 | 7.043 | 7.324 | 10066.93∗∗ |
| Age: | |||||
| Percent w/disability: Age 5–17 years | 0.047 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.078 | 8.732∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Age 18–34 years | 0.038 | 0.022 | −0.005 | 0.081 | 3.008 |
| Percent w/disability: Age 35–64 years | −0.026 | 0.023 | −0.071 | 0.019 | 1.300 |
| Percent w/disability: Age 65–74 years | −0.089 | 0.021 | −0.131 | −0.047 | 17.597∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Age 75 years or more | −0.108 | 0.020 | −0.148 | −0.069 | 29.479∗∗ |
| Intercept | 7.242 | 0.076 | 7.093 | 7.391 | 9093.179∗∗ |
| Biological Sex: | |||||
| Percent w/disability: Male | −0.298 | 0.0280 | −0.353 | −0.243 | 113.460∗∗ |
| Percent w/disability: Female | 0.153 | 0.0286 | 0.097 | 0.209 | 28.577∗∗ |
| Intercept | 7.223 | 0.072 | 7.081 | 7.365 | 9963.672∗∗ |
Note: All GEEs are based on a gamma distribution with log link function and an exchangeable correlation matrix.
QIC (quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion) = 2582.53 (Race model), 2586.55 (Ethnicity model), 2801.46 (Poverty status model), 2978.737 (Age model), and 2892.35 (Biological Sex model).
∗∗p < 0.01; ∗p < 0.05; CI = confidence interval; n = 3059 counties (cases>0).