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. 2020 Sep 17;10:15270. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72207-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The schematic of the key sources of uncertainty in hurricane activity (a,b) and a typical outage map (inset) for a given simulated hurricane in the region under study (c). The intensity (a) and frequency (b) of landfalling hurricanes is perturbed from the baseline (dotted line) scenario in line with climate change projections to create future (solid line) scenarios. These scenarios simulate climate-perturbed distributions of tropical cyclone intensity and frequency which are used to simulate storm landfall along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the US (c). Note the distributions in (a,b) and the outage map depicted in the inset in (c) do not depict actual values. Plots a-b were created in R (v 3.2.1; https://www.r-project.org/)⁴⁰ using the ggplot2 (v 3.3.0; https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/)⁵⁷. Plot (c) was created in R (v 3.2.1; https://www.r-project.org/)⁴⁰ using the packages ggplot2 (v 3.3.0; https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/)⁵⁷ and usmap (v 0.5.0; https://github.com/pdil/usmap)⁸. Map shapefiles were from usmap and the US Census Bureau⁵¹.