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. 2020 Sep 17;10:15295. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72247-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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sCD14 is increased in patients with ALS and correlates with disease burden and disease progression. (A) In a cohort of patients with ALS (n = 100), serum sCD14 levels were elevated compared with HC (*p < 0.001). (B) When this cohort of patients was further separated into fast and slowly progressing patients, sCD14 was elevated in serum from fast (*p < 0.001) and slowly (*p < 0.001) progressing patients compared with HC. (C) sCD14 was elevated in the CSF of patients with ALS compared with CSF obtained from HC (**p = 0.020). (D) CSF samples from fast progressing patients had increased levels of sCD14 compared with slowly progressing patients (**p = 0.033) and with HC (*p = 0.002); there were no differences between slowly progressing patients and HC (p = 0.154). (E) sCD14 CSF levels positively correlated with serum levels of sCD14 (r = 0.315, p = 0.048). (F) sCD14 was elevated in the urine of patients with ALS compared with urine obtained from HC (*p < 0.001). (G) Fast and slowly progressing patients had increased urine sCD14 levels compared with urine sCD14 from HC (*p < 0.001 and **p = 0.022, respectively). (H) sCD14 levels were positively correlated with the patient’s burden of disease at the time of blood draw. (I) sCD14 levels positively correlated with the patient’s progression rate. (J) In a subset of patients with ALS, the patient’s sCD14 levels negatively correlated with their impaired Tregs suppressive function.