Table 3.
Multilevel regression results for 3 main outcomes among telemedicine patients
| Variables | Telemedicine Use (N = 90 991) | COVID-suspected Diagnosis (N = 90 991) | COVID Test (N = 5659) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effect | Adjusted Odds Ratio | Adjusted Odds Ratio | Adjusted Odds Ratio |
| Individual Level | |||
| Age | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) |
| Female | 1.45 (1.41–1.48) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | 0.60 (0.58–0.63) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 1.63 (1.36–1.94) |
| Asian | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 0.99 (0.79–1.25) |
| Latinx | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.18 (0.86–1.63) |
| Other | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1.53 (1.29–1.81) |
| Multiple | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.99 (0.65–1.53) |
| Unknown | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | 1.25 (1.03–1.52) |
| Cardiac History | 1.18 (1.15–1.22) | 1.12 (1.09–1.16) | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) |
| Pulmonary History | 1.14 (1.11–1.18) | 1.26 (1.22–1.30) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) |
| Language preference | |||
| English | 1.57 (1.50–1.64) | 0.87 (0.83–0.93) | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) |
| Spanish | 0.46 (0.43–0.49) | 0.50 (0.46–0.56) | 1.49 (0.99–2.22) |
| Community Level | |||
| Median household income | 1.19 (1.12–1.25) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) |
| Percent Hispanic | 4.12 (3.02–5.62) | 1.19 (0.98–1.45) | 1.16 (0.73–1.85) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.98 (0.82–1.07) |
| Median Household Size | 0.72 (0.65–0.80) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) |
| Women to Man Ratio | 1.19 (0.78–1.80) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | 1.75 (0.89–3.43) |
| Random Effect | 0.084 | 0.022 | 0.023 |