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. 2020 Sep 4;10:1690. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01690

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Copyright © 2020 Lee, Fiorentini, Szasz, Szigeti, Szasz and Minnaar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustrative representation of the two heating principles. (A) Isothermal (homogeneous) heating causes energy-absorption in the complete target, while in (B) non-isothermal heating only selected parts are heated in a heterogenic manner. The selected parts that are heated are either unique characteristics of the tumor which respond to a stimulation by heating up, or nano-particles which are introduced into the tumor and which respond to a stimulus by heating up. These heated targets then heat up the target volume by heat conduction.